| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 50mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Gymnemic Acid I targets multiple pathways involved in glucose metabolism and taste perception. It inhibits glucose-induced phosphorylation and inhibits rabbit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDH is a key enzyme in glycolysis, and its inhibition may contribute to the antihyperglycemic effects of Gymnemic Acid I. Gymnemic Acid I is a protein biosynthesis inhibitor. It also has antisweet principles, meaning it can suppress the sensation of sweetness. The compound has been shown to decrease apoptosis under high glucose stress. Its effects on sweet taste are mediated by its interaction with sweet taste receptors on the tongue.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Gymnemic Acid I has antihyperglycemic activities. It inhibits glucose-induced phosphorylation and inhibits rabbit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Gymnemic Acid I is a protein biosynthesis inhibitor. It decreases apoptosis under high glucose stress. These in vitro findings establish Gymnemic Acid I as a bioactive compound with effects on glucose metabolism and protein synthesis.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have demonstrated that Gymnemic Acid I has antidiabetic effects. Gymnemic acids have been reported to effect a natural treatment for diabetes. Gymnemic Acid I is a bioactive component of Gymnema sylvestre, an Indian traditional medicinal herb with antidiabetic effects. However, the molecular mechanism is remaining to be elucidated. Gymnemic Acid I is used as a research tool to study diabetes and sweet taste inhibition.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assays for Gymnemic Acid I measure its effects on glucose metabolism and protein synthesis. GAPDH activity is measured using enzyme activity assays. Glucose-induced phosphorylation is measured in cell-based assays. Protein biosynthesis is assessed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into proteins. The compound's effects on apoptosis under high glucose stress are measured using cell viability and apoptosis assays. These assays confirm that Gymnemic Acid I is a bioactive compound with multiple activities.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Gymnemic Acid I are used to study its effects on glucose metabolism and cell survival. Cells are treated with Gymnemic Acid I under high glucose conditions, and the effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism are assessed. The compound's ability to decrease apoptosis under high glucose stress is measured. These cell-based assays confirm that Gymnemic Acid I has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell damage.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Gymnemic Acid I would typically be conducted in animal models of diabetes. In a typical study, Gymnemic Acid I is administered to diabetic animals, and blood glucose levels are measured. The compound's ability to reduce blood glucose levels is assessed. However, specific protocols for Gymnemic Acid I are not extensively detailed in the available literature. Gymnemic Acid I is used as a research tool to study diabetes and sweet taste inhibition.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gymnemic Acid I is a triterpene glycoside found in Gymnema sylvestre. Its molecular weight is not specified in the available literature. It is a solid compound. For storage, it is recommended to keep the compound at -20°C. Pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) have not been extensively characterized. Gymnemic Acid I is a research compound and is not intended for human or veterinary use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Detailed toxicity data for Gymnemic Acid I is not provided in standard product descriptions. As a natural product, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. As with all research chemicals, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling Gymnemic Acid I. Its use is limited to research applications and it is not intended for human or veterinary use.
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| References |
Vaghela M, Sahu N, Kharkar P, Pandita N. In vivo pharmacokinetic interaction by ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre with CYP2C9 (tolbutamide), CYP3A4 (amlodipine) and CYP1A2 (phenacetin) in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Oct 14. pii: S0009-2797(17)30894-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.015. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29042257.
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| Additional Infomation |
Gymnema sylvestre acid I is a triterpenoid saponin. Gymnema sylvestre acid I has been found in Gymnema sylvestre, and relevant data have been reported.
Gymnemic Acid I is a research compound and is not approved for any clinical or therapeutic use. It is a triterpene glycoside found in Gymnema sylvestre that has antihyperglycemic activities. It inhibits glucose-induced phosphorylation and inhibits rabbit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Gymnemic Acid I is a protein biosynthesis inhibitor and has antisweet principles. It decreases apoptosis under high glucose stress. Gymnemic Acid I is used to study diabetes, sweet taste inhibition, and protein biosynthesis. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting GAPDH and glucose-induced phosphorylation, as well as modulating protein biosynthesis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C43H66O14
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
806.99
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| Exact Mass |
806.445
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| CAS # |
122168-40-5
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| Related CAS # |
122168-40-5
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| PubChem CID |
11953919
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
872.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
252.8±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.596
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| LogP |
4.74
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
57
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| Complexity |
1660
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
17
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| SMILES |
C/C=C(\C)/C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@]2([C@H](C[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CO)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]2CC1(C)C)C)O)COC(=O)C)O
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| InChi Key |
VEFSVJGWJQPWFS-KANBBQNYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C43H66O14/c1-10-21(2)36(53)57-34-33(50)43(20-54-22(3)45)24(17-38(34,4)5)23-11-12-26-39(6)15-14-28(55-37-31(49)29(47)30(48)32(56-37)35(51)52)40(7,19-44)25(39)13-16-41(26,8)42(23,9)18-27(43)46/h10-11,24-34,37,44,46-50H,12-20H2,1-9H3,(H,51,52)/b21-10+/t24-,25+,26+,27+,28+,29-,30-,31+,32-,33+,34+,37+,39-,40+,41+,42+,43-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3beta,4alpha,16beta,21beta,22alpha)-21-Tigloxy-28-acetoxy-16,22,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-3-yl-beta D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
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| Synonyms |
Gymnemic Acid I (+)-Gymnemic acid I, Gymnemic acid I, (+)- UNII-N67JJ0K34T beta-D-Glucopyranosiduronic acid.
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~61.96 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (1.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (1.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2392 mL | 6.1959 mL | 12.3917 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2478 mL | 1.2392 mL | 2.4783 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1239 mL | 0.6196 mL | 1.2392 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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