| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cyto megalovirus DNA polymerase (CMV UL54). Guanosine is an inhibitor of this target. It also serves as a substrate for kinases that phosphorylate it to GMP, cGMP, GDP, and GTP. These nucleotides are involved in various cellular processes, including energy transfer and signal transduction.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Three different phosphorylated forms of guanosine include guanosine monophosphate (GMP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). These forms are essential for many metabolic processes, including the production of proteins and nucleic acids, photosynthesis, contraction of muscles, and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP).
Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity. It has also shown neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in glial cells, hippocampal neurons, and pheochromocytoma cells by inducing proliferation and differentiation. Its conversion to GTP and cGMP is essential for metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo activity data for Guanosine are limited. It has been studied for its effects on anaerobic growth in Bacillus mojavensis. Its neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects suggest potential in vivo activity in the central nervous system. However, detailed animal model studies are not extensively described.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for Guanosine's antiviral activity against HSV involves measuring the inhibition of viral replication in infected cell cultures. Cells are infected with HSV and treated with Guanosine, and the reduction in viral titer or viral DNA synthesis is measured.
|
| Cell Assay |
Specific in vitro cell-based assay protocols for Guanosine are not detailed. Its effects on cell proliferation and differentiation can be assessed in neuronal cell cultures. Cells are treated with Guanosine, and markers of proliferation and differentiation are measured using techniques such as immunocytochemistry or Western blotting.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Specific in vivo animal model protocols for Guanosine are not described. Its neuroprotective effects could be evaluated in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. However, specific studies are not detailed in the available literature.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an endogenous nucleoside, Guanosine is metabolized through the purine nucleotide cycle. It is converted to guanine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and then to uric acid by xanthine oxidase. Its half-life in the circulation is short.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an endogenous compound, Guanosine is generally considered safe. High concentrations may have toxic effects, but these are not well-characterized. It is not used as a drug and has a well-established safety profile as a natural metabolite.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside in which guanine is linked to ribofuranose via a β-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It is an important metabolite. Guanosine belongs to the purine D-ribonucleotide class and is a member of the guanosine group. It is functionally related to guanine. Guanosine is a nucleoside formed by guanine being linked to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to produce GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate), and GTP (guanosine triphosphate), all of which are factors in signal transduction pathways. Guanosine is a metabolite present in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Ribonucleotides are metabolites present in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain).
Guanosine has also been reported in Daphnia pulex, Sinocrassula indica, and other organisms with relevant data. Guanosine is a purine nucleoside composed of guanine and a ribose ring linked by a β-N9-glycosidic bond, and is essential for metabolism. Guanosine is found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a purine nucleoside in which guanine is linked to the C1 carbon atom of the ribose through its N9 nitrogen atom. It is a component of ribonucleic acid (RNA), and its nucleotides play an important role in metabolism. (Excerpt from Dorland, 28th edition) Guanosine is a fundamental nucleoside involved in RNA synthesis and cellular metabolism. It is a precursor for GTP, which is essential for protein synthesis and signal transduction. It has also been studied for its neuroprotective and antiviral properties. It is not a drug but has research applications in cell biology and neuroscience. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H13N5O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
283.2407
|
| Exact Mass |
283.091
|
| CAS # |
118-00-3
|
| Related CAS # |
Guanosine-8-d-1;Guanosine-15N5
|
| PubChem CID |
135398635
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
2.3±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
756.6±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
239 °C
|
| Flash Point |
411.4±35.7 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.955
|
| LogP |
-1.9
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
20
|
| Complexity |
446
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])[C@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]1([H])N1C([H])=NC2C(N([H])C(N([H])[H])=NC1=2)=O)O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O5/c11-10-13-7-4(8(19)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(18)5(17)3(1-16)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,16-18H,1H2,(H3,11,13,14,19)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one
|
| Synonyms |
NSC19994; NSC 19994; Guanosine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 75 mg/mL (~264.79 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~3.53 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 3.33 mg/mL (11.76 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 33.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5306 mL | 17.6529 mL | 35.3057 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7061 mL | 3.5306 mL | 7.0611 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3531 mL | 1.7653 mL | 3.5306 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
