| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Guaiol targets autophagy pathways and RAD51 protein stability. It regulates RAD51 stability via autophagy to induce cell apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. RAD51 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and guaiol can significantly increase the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells by targeting this protein. The compound also exhibits antibacterial activity by directly acting on parasites, affecting the kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix, and plasma membrane of promastigotes. Its anti-inflammatory effects involve modulation of immune responses and protection against oxidative stress.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Guaiol (150 μM, 24 hours) shows inhibitory activity against non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. The compound induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells by regulating RAD51 stability through autophagy modulation. It demonstrates antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, and Leishmania donovani. Guaiol kills amastigotes with an IC50 of 0.01 µg/mL. It also exhibits anti-leishmanial activity in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis. The compound directly acts on parasites, affecting their kinetoplast and mitochondrial structures.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Guaiol inhibits tumor growth in an NSCLC mouse xenograft model. The compound deters Aedes aegypti and Aedes quadrimaculatus mosquitoes from feeding on a synthetic blood substitute with a biting-deterrent index of 0.82 at 25 nmol/cm². Its oral activity has been demonstrated, supporting its potential for in vivo efficacy. Guaiol has been studied in various animal models for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-tumor effects. Further in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies have been conducted to evaluate its therapeutic potential.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Guaiol involve RAD51 binding and autophagy modulation studies. The compound's effect on RAD51 stability is assessed using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis in NSCLC cell lines. Binding affinity to cellular targets can be evaluated using surface plasmon resonance or pull-down assays. For antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays are performed against bacterial and parasitic cultures. Enzyme inhibition studies may be conducted to assess effects on specific targets. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive and negative controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Guaiol are conducted in NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with Guaiol at concentrations such as 150 μM for 24 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity assays. Autophagy markers such as LC3-II and p62 are analyzed by Western blot. RAD51 protein levels are measured to assess target modulation. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate vehicle controls. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Guaiol are conducted in mouse xenograft models for NSCLC. Tumor-bearing mice are treated with Guaiol via oral administration or intraperitoneal injection. Tumor growth is monitored by caliper measurements. For insecticidal studies, mosquito feeding deterrent assays are performed using synthetic blood substitutes. For anti-inflammatory evaluation, rodent models of inflammation may be used. Dosing regimens are optimized based on pharmacokinetic data. Animals are monitored for clinical signs, and tissues are collected for histopathological and biomarker analysis at study endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Guaiol (MW 222.37 g/mol, C15H26O) is a lipophilic sesquiterpenoid alcohol with favorable oral bioavailability. Pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted in rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. The compound exhibits good absorption and distribution characteristics. Its metabolism likely involves hepatic oxidation and conjugation pathways. Guaiol’s pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life, Cmax, and AUC have been determined in preclinical species. The compound shows stability under recommended storage conditions (powder at -20°C). In vivo formulation typically uses appropriate vehicles for oral or parenteral administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Guaiol is generally recognized as safe based on its presence in various traditional Chinese medicines and essential oils. It has been used in traditional medicine for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. In preclinical studies, the compound has shown acceptable tolerability at therapeutic doses. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling. The compound is intended for research use only. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Guaiacol is a guaiacol sesquiterpene compound. It has been reported in Tetradenia riparia, Humulus lupulus, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Top (part) of Cannabis sativa subsp. indica.
Guaiol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol found in various traditional Chinese medicines with a wide range of biological activities. Its mechanism of action involves regulating RAD51 stability via autophagy to induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells. The compound has shown promise in cancer, infectious disease, cardiovascular, and inflammatory research. Guaiol serves as a valuable tool for studying autophagy, RAD51 regulation, and natural product pharmacology. It has insecticidal properties and has been studied for mosquito deterrence. All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H26O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
222.36634
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| Exact Mass |
222.198
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| CAS # |
489-86-1
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| PubChem CID |
227829
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
288.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
91-93ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
113.6±15.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.503
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| LogP |
4.81
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
301
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1CC[C@H](CC2=C1CC[C@@H]2C)C(C)(C)O
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| InChi Key |
TWVJWDMOZJXUID-SDDRHHMPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-10-5-7-12(15(3,4)16)9-14-11(2)6-8-13(10)14/h10-12,16H,5-9H2,1-4H3/t10-,11-,12+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(3S,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulen-5-yl]propan-2-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~33.33 mg/mL (~149.89 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4970 mL | 22.4850 mL | 44.9701 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8994 mL | 4.4970 mL | 8.9940 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4497 mL | 2.2485 mL | 4.4970 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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