| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Urease(IC50=120 μM)
Guaijaverin targets urease (IC50 = 22.5 μM) [1] Guaijaverin binds to human serum albumin (HSA) (binding constant Ka = 2.3 × 10⁵ M⁻¹) [2] Guaijaverin targets Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 125 μg/mL, IC50 = 62.5 μg/mL) [3] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
With MIC values of 4 and 2 mg/ml for the MTCC 1943 and CLSM 001 strains of Strep. mutans, respectively, guaijaverin has anti-Strep. mutans activity[3].
Guaijaverin (10 μM–50 μM) dose-dependently inhibited urease activity, with 89% inhibition at 50 μM; the inhibition type was determined as competitive, as indicated by increased Km value without changing Vmax [1] Guaijaverin (2 μM–20 μM) bound to HSA with high affinity, quenching the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA in a static manner. The binding was primarily mediated by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, with the drug occupying the subdomain IIA (warfarin-binding site) of HSA [2] Guaijaverin (31.25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans in a dose-dependent manner, with 90% growth inhibition at 125 μg/mL. It also suppressed biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans by 78% at 125 μg/mL and reduced acid production (pH increase from 4.2 to 5.8 after 24 hours) [3] Guaijaverin (250 μg/mL) did not exhibit cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts, with cell viability maintained above 90% after 48 hours of treatment [3] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Urease inhibition assay: Urease enzyme was incubated with different concentrations of Guaijaverin (10 μM–50 μM) in assay buffer at 37°C for 15 minutes. Urea substrate was then added to initiate the reaction, and the mixture was incubated for another 30 minutes. The ammonia produced was detected by a colorimetric method using a suitable reagent, and the inhibition rate was calculated. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) were determined by Lineweaver-Burk plots to identify the inhibition type [1]
HSA binding assay (fluorescence spectroscopy): HSA solution was mixed with various concentrations of Guaijaverin (2 μM–20 μM) and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes. The intrinsic fluorescence emission spectrum of HSA was measured at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm. The binding constant (Ka) and number of binding sites were calculated using the Stern-Volmer equation and double logarithmic regression [2] |
| Cell Assay |
Streptococcus mutans growth inhibition assay: Streptococcus mutans was inoculated into broth medium and treated with Guaijaverin (31.25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL) at 37°C under anaerobic conditions for 24 hours. Bacterial growth was assessed by measuring the optical density at 600 nm, and MIC/IC50 values were determined [3]
Streptococcus mutans biofilm inhibition assay: Streptococcus mutans was seeded in 96-well plates and treated with Guaijaverin (62.5 μg/mL–125 μg/mL) for 24 hours. Biofilms were stained with crystal violet, and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm to quantify biofilm formation. The inhibition rate was calculated relative to the control group [3] Human gingival fibroblast cytotoxicity assay: Cells were seeded in 96-well plates (1 × 10⁴ cells/well) and treated with Guaijaverin (31.25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL) for 48 hours. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm [3] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In vitro experiments showed that guaiacol had low cytotoxicity to normal human gingival fibroblasts, and no significant decrease in cell viability (≥90%) was observed at concentrations as high as 250 μg/mL [3]
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Guaifenesin has been reported to exist in tea (Camellia sinensis), Bupleurum falcatum, and other organisms with relevant data. Guaifenesin is a natural flavonoid glycoside isolated from onion (Allium cepa) and guava (Psidium guajava) [1]. The urease inhibitory activity of guafenesin suggests its potential application in treating infections caused by urease-producing bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori) [1]. The binding affinity of guafenesin to human serum albumin (HSA) suggests good pharmacokinetic properties, as HSA binding affects the distribution and metabolism of the drug in vivo [2]. Guaifenesin has the potential to be used as an anti-plaque agent because it can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and the formation of biofilms (a key factor in dental plaque formation) [3].
|
| Molecular Formula |
C20H18O11
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
434.3503
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| Exact Mass |
434.084
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 55.31; H, 4.18; O, 40.52
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| CAS # |
22255-13-6
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| PubChem CID |
5481224
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
828.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
296.3±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.802
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| LogP |
1.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
31
|
| Complexity |
711
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
O1C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]1([H])OC1C(C2=C(C([H])=C(C([H])=C2OC=1C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=1[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])=O)O[H])O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
PZZRDJXEMZMZFD-IEGSVRCHSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H18O11/c21-8-4-11(24)14-13(5-8)30-18(7-1-2-9(22)10(23)3-7)19(16(14)27)31-20-17(28)15(26)12(25)6-29-20/h1-5,12,15,17,20-26,28H,6H2/t12-,15-,17+,20-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
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| Synonyms |
Guaijaverin; Quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~230.23 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3023 mL | 11.5115 mL | 23.0229 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4605 mL | 2.3023 mL | 4.6046 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2302 mL | 1.1511 mL | 2.3023 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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