| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg | |||
| 50mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Protein Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4) - as an inactive control. GSK106 does not inhibit PAD4.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
GSK106 does not inhibit PAD4 nor does it prevent the citrullination of PAD4 target proteins or the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in mouse or human neutrophils (IC50s > 100 μM). It is an inactive control for the selective PAD4 inhibitors, GSK484 and GSK199. GSK106 is the only structurally matched, functionally inert negative control for the GSK484/GSK199 PAD4 inhibitor series. It provides unambiguous on-target validation.
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| ln Vivo |
GSK106 has no in vivo activity as it does not inhibit PAD4. It is used as a negative control in in vivo studies of PAD4 inhibition to confirm that observed effects are specific to PAD4 inhibition and not due to off-target effects of the active compounds (GSK484 and GSK199). GSK106 is administered alongside active PAD4 inhibitors in animal models to validate that the therapeutic effects observed are specifically attributable to PAD4 inhibition.
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| Enzyme Assay |
PAD4 inhibition is assessed using in vitro enzyme assays with recombinant PAD4 enzyme and peptidylarginine substrates. Citrullination is measured by detecting the conversion of arginine to citrulline using colorimetric (e.g., COLDER assay), fluorometric, or antibody-based detection methods (e.g., anti-citrulline antibodies such as F95). GSK106 is tested at various concentrations (typically 0.1-1000 μM) and shown to have no inhibitory activity (IC50 > 100 μM). The active PAD4 inhibitors GSK484 and GSK199 are run in parallel as positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity is evaluated in neutrophils or other cells where PAD4 activity is relevant. Cells are treated with GSK106 at various concentrations (typically 0.1-1000 μM) alongside active PAD4 inhibitors GSK484 and GSK199. Citrullination of PAD4 target proteins (e.g., histones) is assessed by Western blot using anti-citrulline antibodies (e.g., F95) or by ELISA. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is assessed by microscopy (visualization of extracellular DNA fibers with SYTOX Green or DAPI), by measuring extracellular DNA release (e.g., PicoGreen assay), or by ELISA for NET-associated proteins (e.g., MPO-DNA complexes). GSK106 shows no effect on citrullination or NET formation (IC50 > 100 μM).
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| Animal Protocol |
GSK106 is used as a negative control in in vivo studies of PAD4 inhibition. It is administered alongside active PAD4 inhibitors (GSK484 and GSK199) in animal models of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, or thrombosis. GSK106 is administered via appropriate routes (oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous) at doses matching the active compounds. Citrullination in target tissues (e.g., lung, joints, blood) is assessed by immunohistochemistry or Western blot using anti-citrulline antibodies. NET formation in vivo is assessed by measuring circulating NET markers (e.g., MPO-DNA complexes, citrullinated histone H3) in plasma or tissue. Inflammatory markers and disease severity are compared between GSK106-treated and active inhibitor-treated groups to validate target specificity. Specific protocols are detailed in the primary literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
GSK106 has a molecular formula of C24H28ClN5O (hydrochloride salt) and a molecular weight of 437.97 g/mol. CAS Number: 1652591-82-6. It is an inactive control compound. Purity: typically ≥98% by HPLC. The compound is soluble in DMSO and water (as hydrochloride salt). Storage: store at -20°C for long-term stability, protected from light and moisture. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not relevant as it is used as a negative control.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Safety data for GSK106 indicate it is a research compound for laboratory use only. Use full personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, dust or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid inhalation, contact with eyes and skin. Avoid dust and aerosol formation. Use only in areas with appropriate exhaust ventilation. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Consult the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety information, including potential hazards and disposal considerations.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
GSK106 is a research tool compound used as a negative control for PAD4 studies. It is not approved for clinical use. The compound is used to validate that effects observed with PAD4 inhibitors GSK484 and GSK199 are specific to PAD4 inhibition. GSK106 is the only structurally matched, functionally inert negative control for the GSK484/GSK199 PAD4 inhibitor series. With an IC50 > 100 μM and no effect on citrullination or NET formation, it provides unambiguous on-target validation. Protein citrullination has normal roles in gene regulation and pathological roles in immunological and inflammatory diseases. GSK106 is an essential tool for distinguishing specific PAD4 inhibition from non-specific effects in both biochemical and cellular assays.
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| Molecular Formula |
C24H28CLN5O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
437.97
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| Exact Mass |
437.198
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| CAS # |
1652591-82-6
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| PubChem CID |
86340171
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
629
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VRPFLFUQMWOJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H27N5O.ClH/c1-3-29-20-9-5-4-7-16(20)13-22(29)23-26-19-11-10-17(14-21(19)27(23)2)24(30)28-12-6-8-18(25)15-28;/h4-5,7,9-11,13-14,18H,3,6,8,12,15,25H2,1-2H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-[2-(1-ethylindol-2-yl)-3-methylbenzimidazol-5-yl]methanone;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
GSK 106 GSK-106 GSK106
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~228.33 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (5.71 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 2.5 mg/mL (5.71 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2833 mL | 11.4163 mL | 22.8326 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4567 mL | 2.2833 mL | 4.5665 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2283 mL | 1.1416 mL | 2.2833 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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