| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
GPDA targets X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPP-IV), a serine protease that cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with proline or alanine at the penultimate position. As a chromogenic substrate, GPDA is cleaved by DPP-IV to release p-nitroaniline, which can be measured spectrophotometrically. The compound also enhances the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Its role as a DPP-IV substrate makes it a valuable tool for studying DPP-IV activity and its role in various physiological and pathological processes, including glucose metabolism and immune regulation.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
GPDA exhibits no direct biological activity as a therapeutic agent. Its primary function is as a substrate for DPP-IV in enzyme assays, where it is cleaved to release p-nitroaniline for colorimetric detection. The compound also enhances G6PD activity. By measuring the rate of p-nitroaniline release, DPP-IV activity can be quantified in biological samples. This makes GPDA a valuable tool for studying DPP-IV function, screening DPP-IV inhibitors, and investigating diseases associated with DPP-IV dysregulation, such as type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders.
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| ln Vivo |
GPDA is not evaluated for in vivo activity in animal models as it is a laboratory reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. Its application is in enzyme assays for measuring DPP-IV activity in biological samples, including serum, plasma, and tissue homogenates. The compound is not administered to animals for therapeutic purposes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays using GPDA involve incubating the substrate with DPP-IV enzyme or biological samples containing DPP-IV activity in an appropriate buffer system. The enzymatic cleavage of GPDA releases p-nitroaniline, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The rate of p-nitroaniline release is proportional to DPP-IV activity. Standard curves are prepared using known amounts of p-nitroaniline or DPP-IV enzyme to quantify activity. Kinetic parameters such as Km and Vmax can be determined from substrate concentration-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using GPDA are performed to measure cellular DPP-IV activity. Cells are lysed and the lysate is incubated with GPDA substrate, followed by spectrophotometric measurement of released p-nitroaniline at 405 nm. Alternatively, live cells expressing DPP-IV on the cell surface can be incubated with GPDA, and the release of p-nitroaniline into the culture supernatant is measured. This allows for the assessment of cell surface DPP-IV activity and the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not performed with GPDA as it is a laboratory reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. The compound may be used ex vivo to measure DPP-IV activity in tissue samples collected from animal studies to assess DPP-IV expression and activity in various disease models. Standard enzyme assay protocols are followed with tissue homogenates.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
GPDA has a molecular weight of 464.49 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₀H₂₄N₄O₇S. It is also known as Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate, Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide p-toluenesulfonate salt, and H-Gly-Pro-pNA·p-tosylate. The compound is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in appropriate solvents. It should be stored under appropriate conditions as recommended by the manufacturer. Detailed pharmacokinetic properties are not applicable as the compound is not used in vivo.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
GPDA is considered to have low toxicity as a laboratory reagent. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound is classified as a research reagent and is not intended for human therapeutic use. Comprehensive toxicological studies have not been performed.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
GPDA is a chromogenic substrate for X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DPP-IV) used in enzyme assays. It is also known as Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate and Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide p-toluenesulfonate salt. GPDA enhances G6PD activity and is used in studies of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic conditions. Not approved for therapeutic use; intended for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C13H16N4O4.C7H8O3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
464.49216
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| Exact Mass |
464.136
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| CAS # |
65096-46-0
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| PubChem CID |
22805729
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
790.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
432.1ºC
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| LogP |
4.039
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
621
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)CN)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
XHLUWCXVWCBOPP-MERQFXBCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H16N4O4.C7H8O3S/c14-8-12(18)16-7-1-2-11(16)13(19)15-9-3-5-10(6-4-9)17(20)21;1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)11(8,9)10/h3-6,11H,1-2,7-8,14H2,(H,15,19);2-5H,1H3,(H,8,9,10)/t11-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~215.29 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1529 mL | 10.7645 mL | 21.5290 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4306 mL | 2.1529 mL | 4.3058 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2153 mL | 1.0764 mL | 2.1529 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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