| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid targets bile acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. As a bile acid, it can interact with nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). It inhibits the activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis. This leads to a decrease in bile acid production and cholesterol secretion.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, glycohyodeoxycholic acid is used to model bile acid aggregation under physiological pH and to evaluate its role in lipid absorption and transport systems. It is also used to study its effects on cholesterol crystallization. Its inhibitory activity on cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase can be assessed in enzyme assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major human metabolite of hyodeoxycholic acid. Supplementation with glycohyodeoxycholic acid in prairie dogs fed a lithogenic diet decreases the frequency of cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder. Its levels in serum are negatively correlated with the severity of NAFLD.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for glycohyodeoxycholic acid are biochemical. It can be used as a substrate to study the activity of bile acid-modifying enzymes. Its effects on cholesterol crystallization can be assessed in model bile systems by measuring the time to crystal formation. Its ability to inhibit cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase can be measured in liver microsome assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid can be used in cellular assays to study its effects on hepatocytes. Cells are treated with the compound, and its effects on the expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis (e.g., CYP7A1) and lipid metabolism are measured by qPCR. Its effects on lipid accumulation can be assessed using Oil Red O staining.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with glycohyodeoxycholic acid are conducted in models of gallstone disease, such as the lithogenic diet-fed prairie dog. Animals are administered the compound orally, and its effects on gallbladder cholesterol crystals, bile composition, and liver enzyme activity are assessed. Its utility as a biomarker for NAFLD can be studied in diet-induced obesity models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a metabolite and its pharmacokinetics are related to bile acid metabolism. It has a molecular weight of 449.62. It is soluble in DMSO at ≥200 mg/mL and is typically stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is considered to have low toxicity as it is an endogenous metabolite. However, comprehensive toxicological data are not extensively published. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Glycine deoxycholic acid is a combination of bile acid and glycine.
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major human metabolite of hyodeoxycholic acid. It has preventative effects on gallstone formation and is a potential biomarker for NAFLD. It inhibits cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity and is used in research on bile acid metabolism and lipid disorders. |
| Molecular Formula |
C26H43NO5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
449.62332
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| Exact Mass |
449.314
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| CAS # |
13042-33-6
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| PubChem CID |
114611
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.162g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
655.6ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
350.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
5.74E-20mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.546
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| LogP |
3.985
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
32
|
| Complexity |
727
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
|
| SMILES |
C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2C[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C
|
| InChi Key |
SPOIYSFQOFYOFZ-BRDORRHWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H43NO5/c1-15(4-7-23(30)27-14-24(31)32)18-5-6-19-17-13-22(29)21-12-16(28)8-10-26(21,3)20(17)9-11-25(18,19)2/h15-22,28-29H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32)/t15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,22+,25-,26-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~556.03 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2241 mL | 11.1205 mL | 22.2410 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4448 mL | 2.2241 mL | 4.4482 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2224 mL | 1.1121 mL | 2.2241 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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