In neural stem cells (NSCs), glufosinate (1-100 μM; 12DIV) destroys intercellular traces of secreted V-SVZ [2]. Celsr2 gene RT-PCR at 100 μM is significantly decreased by glufosinate (1-100 μM; 12DIV) [2].

The maternal toxicity of 50 or 250 mg/kg of glufosinate (10-250 mg/kg; gavage; daily; on days 6–15 of gestation) was observed in Wistar rats [3]. In female musk deer, the half-life is shorter than 4 hours [3].

RT-PCR [2]
Cell Types: Ependymal cells
Tested Concentrations: 1, 3, 10, 100 μM
Incubation Duration: 12DIV (NSCs -to) expression[2]. -Ependymal cell time point)
Experimental Results: Celsr2 gene expression was Dramatically diminished at 100 μM.

Metabolism / Metabolites
The principal metabolite in urine & feces is 3-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]propionic acid.
In plants, degradation of glufosinate-ammonium involves deamination, decarboxylation, & finally beta-oxidation to carbon dioxide.

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Biological Half-Life
...A 65-yr-old male ingested BASTA, which contains 20% w/v of glufosinate ammonium... The changes in serum glufosinate concn exhibited T-1/2 alpha of 1.84 and T-1/2 beta of 9.59 hr. /BASTA/

Toxicity Summary
Glufosinate irreversibly inhibits the enzyme glutamine synthetase, which decreases ammonia detoxification. Increased ammonia levels lead to impairment of photorespiration and photosynthesis in plants. (T10)

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Toxicity Data
LC50 (rat) = 1,260 mg/m3

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Rat (male) oral 2000 mg/kg
LD50 Rat (female) oral 1620 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse (male) oral 431 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse (female) oral 416 mg/kg
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for GLUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

[1]. The effect of high concentrations of glufosinate ammonium on the yield components of transgenic spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) constitutively expressing the bar gene. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:657945.

[2]. Multiple effects of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium and its main metabolite on neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of newborn mice. Neurotoxicology. 2018 Dec;69:152-163.

[3]. Summary of safety evaluation toxicity studies of glufosinate ammonium. Food Chem Toxicol. 1990 May;28(5):339-49.

2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is 2-aminobutanoic acid which is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl group. It is a member of phosphinic acids and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.
Glufosinate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Glufosinate has been reported in Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromogenes with data available.
Glufosinate or its ammonium salt DL-phosphinothricin is an active ingredient in several nonselective systemic herbicides such as Basta, Rely, Finale, Ignite, Challenge, and Liberty. It interferes with the glutamine biosynthetic pathway that binds to the glutamate site of the enzyme. Glufosinate-treated plants die due to a buildup of ammonia and a cessation of photosynthesis due to lack of glutamine.

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Mechanism of Action
...Glufosinate ammonium is a structural analogue of glutamate & acts in plants by inhibition of glutamine synthetase leading to a complete breakdown of ammonia metab. Owing to the structural analogy of glufosinate ammonium to glutamate, its effect on various glutamate-utilizing systems needed to be investigated in mammals. Although in laboratory animals glufosinate ammonium causes an inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity in different tissues, this inhibition led to slight increases of glutamate and ammonia levels at high sublethal and lethal doses only. After oral admin for 28 days, glufosinate ammonium had no effect on glutathione & carbohydrate metab & no effect on biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids in rats & dogs. Glufosinate ammonium does not interfere with various neurotransmitter receptors in vitro & does not influence the catecholamine neurotransmitter tissue concn after iv application. The results of these studies show that ... in mammals the inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity in various tissues does not lead to a breakdown of ammonia metab. The mammalian metab ... compensates for this inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity by various other metabolic pathways ...

C5H15N2O4P

198.15

215.103

77182-82-2

Glufosinate;51276-47-2

4794

White to off-white solid powder

519.1ºC at 760 mmHg

210°C

100 °C

0.244

3

5

4

11

193

0

IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C5H12NO4P/c1-11(9,10)3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)

2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid

HOE-00661; HOE 00661; Glufosinate-ammonium

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~1261.61 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (504.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)