| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
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| Targets |
The primary target of Gln-AMS is glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS), an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) that catalyzes the attachment of glutamine to its cognate tRNA. Gln-AMS acts as an adenosine monophosphate analog that mimics the reaction intermediate and competitively binds to the enzyme's active site. By inhibiting GlnRS, the compound blocks protein synthesis, making it a potential antibacterial agent. Gln-AMS also binds to the A-domain within nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes, which are involved in the biosynthesis of various natural products. The dual targeting of AARS and NRPS makes Gln-AMS a valuable tool for studying amino acid activation and microbial metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that Gln-AMS is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) inhibitor that binds to the A-domain within NRPS enzymes. It inhibits glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) by mimicking the reaction intermediate and competitively binding to the enzyme's active site. By blocking GlnRS activity, the compound inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. Gln-AMS is widely used to explore amino acid activation chemistry and to investigate therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting AARS or NRPS functions in microbial pathogens. Its mechanism of action as a reaction intermediate analog makes it a valuable tool for studying enzyme catalysis and inhibition.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of Gln-AMS are limited, as it is primarily used as a research tool in biochemical and microbiological assays. However, given its potent inhibition of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and its ability to bind to NRPS A-domains, the compound may have potential as an antibacterial agent. Further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and efficacy in animal models of bacterial infections. Gln-AMS may be used to study the role of AARS and NRPS in microbial pathogenesis and to validate these enzymes as therapeutic targets.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays, Gln-AMS is evaluated using aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity assays that measure the attachment of glutamine to tRNA. The compound is incubated with recombinant GlnRS enzyme, glutamine, ATP, and tRNA at various concentrations. GlnRS activity is quantified by measuring the formation of glutaminyl-tRNA using radiometric or fluorescence-based methods. IC₅0 values are determined from dose-response curves. Binding affinity to GlnRS can be assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Binding to NRPS A-domains can be assessed using similar methods.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, Gln-AMS is tested in bacterial cells or cell-free systems to evaluate its effects on protein synthesis and cell growth. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with various concentrations of the compound. Protein synthesis is measured by incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids or by using reporter systems. Bacterial growth is monitored by measuring optical density or colony-forming units. The compound's selectivity for bacterial versus mammalian AARS can be assessed. The compound's effects on NRPS-mediated biosynthesis can be evaluated in appropriate systems.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, Gln-AMS can be administered to animals via various routes including intravenous injection or intraperitoneal injection, depending on its solubility and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound's efficacy can be evaluated in animal models of bacterial infections. Typical dosing regimens may range from 1 to 50 mg/kg administered daily or intermittently. Bacterial load, survival, and inflammatory markers are assessed. Pharmacodynamic markers such as inhibition of protein synthesis or aminoacyl-tRNA formation are measured in tissues. Animal studies should follow appropriate ethical guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Gln-AMS are not extensively characterized in the literature. As a nucleotide analog with a molecular weight of 474.45 g/mol, it would be expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to poor absorption and potential degradation. When administered systemically, the compound would likely be cleared by the kidneys and metabolized by various enzymes. Its half-life in circulation would depend on its stability and clearance mechanisms. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be needed to fully characterize its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile in vivo.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Gln-AMS are limited, as it is primarily a research tool. As an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, its toxicity would depend on the importance of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase for normal cellular function. Inhibition of protein synthesis could have significant effects on cell viability and function. Comprehensive toxicology studies including acute and repeated-dose toxicity, genotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity assessments would be needed for further development. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment and adherence to institutional safety guidelines.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Gln-AMS is a research compound used to study aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and NRPS biology. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been reported for this compound as a therapeutic agent. It is available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes only. The compound is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) inhibitor that binds to the NRPS A-domain. It inhibits glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase by mimicking the reaction intermediate and is widely used to explore amino acid activation chemistry and investigate therapeutic strategies against microbial pathogens.
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H22N8O8S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
474.448980808258
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| Exact Mass |
474.128
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| CAS # |
209543-57-7
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| Related CAS # |
Gln-AMS TFA
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| PubChem CID |
445432
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-4.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
797
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
S(NC([C@H](CCC(N)=O)N)=O)(=O)(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N2C=NC3C(N)=NC=NC2=3)O1)O)O
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| InChi Key |
KXWKSWRGZLZHEF-WERHYGNASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H22N8O8S/c16-6(1-2-8(17)24)14(27)22-32(28,29)30-3-7-10(25)11(26)15(31-7)23-5-21-9-12(18)19-4-20-13(9)23/h4-7,10-11,15,25-26H,1-3,16H2,(H2,17,24)(H,22,27)(H2,18,19,20)/t6-,7+,10+,11+,15+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl N-[(2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoyl]sulfamate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~120 mg/mL (~252.92 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3 mg/mL (6.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3 mg/mL (6.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3 mg/mL (6.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1077 mL | 10.5385 mL | 21.0770 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4215 mL | 2.1077 mL | 4.2154 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2108 mL | 1.0539 mL | 2.1077 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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