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Ginsenoside Rk1 is a novel and potent natural product from ginseng plant (mainly Sung Ginseng, SG) with anti-inflammatory effect. It can suppress the activation of Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and NF-κB. Ginsenoside Rk1 also has anti-tumor effects, antiplatelet aggregation activities, anti-insulin resistance, nephroprotective effect, antimicrobial effect, cognitive function enhancement, lipid accumulation reduction and prevents osteoporosis.
| ln Vitro |
Ginsenoside Rk1 (0–40 μM; 6 hours) reduces MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA that are induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and at 40 μM, it inhibits the expression of IL-1β. The phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) in RAW264.7 cells caused by LPS is inhibited by ginsenoside Rk1 (0-40 μM; 24 hours) in a dose-dependent way [2]. Cell viability was significantly reduced in response to ginsenoside Rk1 (0-160 μM; 48 hours) as compared to the control by 75.52 ± 2.51% (40 μM), 52.72 ± 2.54% (80 μM), 17.41 ± 2.94% (120 μM), and 12.63 ± 3.24% (160 μM) [3]. As compared to S phase and G2/M phase ratios, ginsenoside Rk1 (0-120 μM; 24 hours) enhances the G0/G1 phase ratio in MDA-MB-231 cells [3]. Reduced cell number, nuclear fragmentation, condensation, and the production of apoptotic bodies are a few of the dose-dependent ways that ginsenoside Rk1 (0-120 μM; 24 hours) increases the percentage of apoptotic cells [3].
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| Cell Assay |
RT-PCR[2]
Cell Types: RAW264.7 Cell Tested Concentrations: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM Incubation Duration: 6 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibition of JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Types: RAW264.7 Cell Tested Concentrations: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM Incubation Duration: 6 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibition of JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells Cell Viability Assay[3 ] Cell Types: MDA-MB-231 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis [3] Cell Types: MDA-MB-231 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Apoptosis analysis [3] Cell Types: MDA-MB-231 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. |
| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C42H70O12
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
766.9980
|
| Exact Mass |
766.486
|
| CAS # |
494753-69-4
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
854.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
470.6±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.589
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| LogP |
6.7
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCCC(=C)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)C
|
| InChi Key |
KWDWBAISZWOAHD-MHOSXIPRSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H70O12/c1-21(2)10-9-11-22(3)23-12-16-42(8)30(23)24(45)18-28-40(6)15-14-29(39(4,5)27(40)13-17-41(28,42)7)53-38-36(34(49)32(47)26(20-44)52-38)54-37-35(50)33(48)31(46)25(19-43)51-37/h10,23-38,43-50H,3,9,11-20H2,1-2,4-8H3/t23-,24-,25-,26-,27+,28-,29+,30+,31-,32-,33+,34+,35-,36-,37+,38+,40+,41-,42-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~130.38 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3038 mL | 6.5189 mL | 13.0378 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2608 mL | 1.3038 mL | 2.6076 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1304 mL | 0.6519 mL | 1.3038 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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