| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
Ginsenoside Rg2 does not have a single specific molecular target. It exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of ion channels, regulation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK, and antioxidant activity. It has been shown to have protective effects on the heart, brain, and other organs.
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| ln Vitro |
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated reduction in IκB expression is inhibited by ginsenoside Rg2. The separation of IκB from the RelA-p50 complex is essential for the activation of NF-κB. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), ginsenoside Rg2 (protopanaxatriol) suppresses the production of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in response to LPS stimulation. Concentration-dependent and substantial, ginsenoside Rg2 inhibits the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. IκBα expression was decreased when endothelial cells were treated with 1μg/mL of LPS. An hour following LPS treatment, there was a considerable drop in IκBα. Endothelial cells were stimulated with 1 µg/mL of LPS for 1 hour, and then treated with ginsenoside Rg2 (1~50 µM) for 1 hour to see if this had any effect on the expression of IκBα induced by LPS. In a concentration-dependent manner, ginsenoside Rg2 dramatically restored the LPS-induced decrease in IκBα expression. A quantitative monolayer adhesion technique was utilized to quantify THP-1 cell adherence to endothelial cells. THP-1 cell adherence to endothelial cells increased fivefold following eight hours of treatment with 1 µg/mL of LPS. THP-1 cell adherence to LPS-stimulated endothelium cells is inhibited by ginsenoside Rg2 (1~50 µM) in a concentration-dependent manner [1].
Ginsenoside Rg2 exhibits diverse in vitro effects, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities. It has been shown to protect against acute cardiogenic shock, with effects including strengthening the myocardium, enhancing myocardial contractility, slowing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, increasing cardiac output, and improving coronary flow. |
| ln Vivo |
During the final two training days, the escape latency was lowered by G-Rg1 and ginsenoside Rg2 (G-Rg2) in comparison to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model group (p<0.05). Using G-Rg1 and ginsenoside Rg2 treatment reversed this trend (G-Rg1, p<0.01; ginsenoside Rg2, p<0.05). In the spatial exploration test, the total time that the mice in the AD model group stayed in the target quadrant and the number of mice that accurately crossed the previous position of the platform were significantly shorter and lower than those of the normal control mice (p<0.01). Mice with AD showed significant improvements in cognitive function when treated with G-Rg1 and ginsenoside Rg2. In APP/PS1 mice, the buildup of Aβ1-42 is decreased by G-Rg1 and ginsenoside Rg2. The APP/PS1 mice's morphological abnormalities improved over time in mice treated with G-Rg1 and ginsenoside Rg2. It is possible to see light brown, widely scattered Aβ deposits and clear nucleoli [2].
In vivo, ginsenoside Rg2 has been shown to have protective effects on acute cardiogenic shock. It exhibits anti-shock, anti-heart failure, anti-coagulation, and anti-thrombotic effects. It can quickly improve myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and has a significant effect on enhancing cardiac function. It also has neuroprotective effects. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Ginsenoside Rg2's activity is assessed using various in vitro assays. Its antioxidant activity is measured using DPPH, ABTS, or other radical scavenging assays. Its effects on ion channels can be studied using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Its anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring cytokine production in immune cells.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for ginsenoside Rg2 involve treating various cell types with the compound and measuring its effects on cell survival, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Its neuroprotective effects are assessed in neuronal cell cultures. Its cardioprotective effects are evaluated in cardiomyocyte models.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal model protocols for ginsenoside Rg2 involve its administration to animal models of disease. In models of cardiogenic shock, its effects on cardiac function, blood pressure, and survival are assessed. In models of neurodegeneration, its neuroprotective effects are evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Ginsenoside Rg2 has a molecular weight of 785.01 and a molecular formula of C42H72O13. Specific pharmacokinetic data is not extensively detailed in the available literature. As a natural product, its pharmacokinetic properties would need to be evaluated in preclinical studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ginsenoside Rg2 is generally considered safe as a natural product. However, comprehensive toxicological data may not be available. It is intended for research use only and not for human consumption as a therapeutic agent.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ginsenoside Rg2 is a ginsenoside found in plants of the genus Panax. Its structure is dammarane-type, with hydroxyl groups substituted at positions 3β, 6α, 12β, and 20 (pro-S position). Specifically, the hydroxyl group at position 6 is converted to the corresponding α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and a double bond is introduced at positions 24-25. It is a plant metabolite with cardioprotective and anticoagulant effects. It is a β-D-glucoside, 12β-hydroxysteroid, 3β-hydroxysteroid, ginsenoside, tetracyclic triterpenoid, disaccharide derivative, 20-hydroxysteroid, and 3β-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It is derived from the hydride of dammarane. Ginsenoside Rg2 has been reported in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, ginseng, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg2 (note moved to).
Ginsenoside Rg2 (CAS# 52286-74-5) is a natural product and a major active component of ginseng. It exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. It is used in research to study the mechanisms of ginseng's therapeutic effects. It is not approved for clinical use as a drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C42H72O13
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
785.02
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| Exact Mass |
784.497
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| CAS # |
52286-74-5
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| PubChem CID |
21599924
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
881.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
486.6±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.593
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| LogP |
6.78
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
55
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| Complexity |
1390
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
21
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H]3C[C@@]4([C@H](C[C@H]([C@H]5[C@]4(CC[C@@H]5[C@](C)(CCC=C(C)C)O)C)O)[C@@]6([C@@H]3C([C@H](CC6)O)(C)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
AGBCLJAHARWNLA-DQUQINEDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H72O13/c1-20(2)11-10-14-42(9,51)22-12-16-40(7)28(22)23(44)17-26-39(6)15-13-27(45)38(4,5)35(39)24(18-41(26,40)8)53-37-34(32(49)30(47)25(19-43)54-37)55-36-33(50)31(48)29(46)21(3)52-36/h11,21-37,43-51H,10,12-19H2,1-9H3/t21-,22-,23+,24-,25+,26+,27-,28-,29-,30+,31+,32-,33+,34+,35-,36-,37+,39+,40+,41+,42-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
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| Synonyms |
Prosapogenin C2; Ginsenoside RG2
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~63.69 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2739 mL | 6.3693 mL | 12.7385 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2548 mL | 1.2739 mL | 2.5477 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1274 mL | 0.6369 mL | 1.2739 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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