| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Targets |
Ginsenoside Rg1 targets multiple signaling pathways. It activates the estrogen receptor (ER) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), modulating gene expression. Rg1 activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, promoting cell survival and neuroprotection. It also activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway, enhancing antioxidant defenses. Rg1 inhibits the NF-κB pathway, reducing inflammation. Additionally, it modulates the AMPK pathway, regulating energy metabolism. These multiple targets contribute to its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities.
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| ln Vitro |
Ginsenoside Rg1 stimulates human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) to expand and urinate. Significantly (p<0.05) improved was the ability of hDPCs to proliferate in ginsenoside Rg1, particularly in the Ginsenoside Rg1 (5 μM) group. ALP activity, DSPP and DMP1 gene expression, and ginsenoside Rg1 group and combination group all showed increases (p<0.05) when compared to Jordan [3]. In vitro treatment of p-IκBα and p-p65 with ginsenoside Rg1 decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation, increased PPAR-γ expression, and blocked IκBα phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells [2].
In vitro, ginsenoside Rg1 demonstrates neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuronal cells. It promotes neurite outgrowth and enhances synaptic plasticity. Rg1 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in stimulated macrophages. It also shows cardioprotective effects by reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac cells. Rg1 promotes angiogenesis and enhances endothelial cell function. |
| ln Vivo |
PPAR-γ levels are dramatically decreased in inflamed joints with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), although p-IκBα and p-p65 levels are significantly destabilized. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) and ginsenoside Rg2 (G-Rg2) decreased the escape latency in the last two days when compared with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model group (p<0.05). Internal processing of ginsenoside Rg1 reduces IκBα phosphorylation. The duration of time the AD model group model spent in the target quadrant during the space exploration test was significantly shorter each week (p<0.01) than that of the conventional satellite model, as was the number of models that correctly crossed the platform's former position. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rg2 treatment reversed this trend (ginsenoside Rg1, p<0.01; ginsenoside Rg2, p<0.05). AD-renewed mice's cognitive performance can be significantly enhanced by ginsenoside Rg1 and Rg2 treatment. In APP/PS1 mice, the buildup of Aβ1-42 is decreased by ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rg2-treated animals showed a progressive improvement in the pathological defects seen in APP/PS1 mice. characteristic nucleoli and light brown, widely distributed Aβ deposits [1].
In vivo, ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to improve cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and aging. It reduces infarct volume and improves neurological function in models of cerebral ischemia. Rg1 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves cardiac function. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in various models of inflammation and shows anti-aging effects by extending lifespan in model organisms. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of ginsenoside Rg1 is assessed using various cell-based and biochemical assays. For neuroprotection, neuronal cells are treated with Rg1 before exposure to oxidative stress or amyloid-beta, and cell viability is assessed by MTT assays. For anti-inflammatory activity, macrophages are stimulated with LPS and treated with Rg1, and cytokine production is measured by ELISA. For receptor binding, radioligand binding assays are performed using ER or GR preparations.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, neuronal cell lines (SH-SY5Y, PC12), macrophages (RAW 264.7), or cardiomyocytes are used. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with various concentrations of Rg1 (typically 1-100 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. The expression of target proteins is analyzed by Western blotting. ROS generation is measured using DCFH-DA fluorescence. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, ginsenoside Rg1 is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally to animal models. In cognitive studies, Rg1 is administered at doses ranging from 5-50 mg/kg daily for several weeks, and cognitive function is assessed using the Morris water maze or novel object recognition tests. In stroke models, Rg1 is administered before or after ischemia, and infarct volume and neurological deficits are assessed. In cardiac studies, Rg1 is administered before ischemia-reperfusion, and cardiac function is assessed by echocardiography.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
M1 (20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) is a PPD-type monoglucoside ginsenoside that is metabolized by human intestinal bacteria. Ginsenoside Rg1 has a molecular weight of 801.01 g/mol and a molecular formula of C42H72O14. It is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in DMSO and ethanol. The compound should be stored at -20°C under appropriate conditions to maintain stability. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as bioavailability and half-life vary depending on the route of administration and formulation. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for ginsenoside Rg1 is not detailed in the provided search results. As a natural ginseng component, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. In vitro studies at concentrations up to 100 μM did not show significant cytotoxicity in most cell lines. The compound is generally well-tolerated in animal studies at therapeutic doses. Comprehensive toxicological studies are required to establish its full safety profile.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ginsenoside Rg1 is a ginsenoside found in ginseng (Panax ginseng) and Japanese ginseng (Panax japonicus var. major), belonging to the dammarane type. Its 3β, 6α, 12β, and 20 (pro-S position) positions are substituted with hydroxyl groups, with the 6 and 20 hydroxyl groups converted to the corresponding β-D-glucopyranosides, and a double bond introduced at positions 24-25. It possesses neuroprotective and angiogenic effects. It is a 12β-hydroxysteroid, β-D-glucopyranoside, tetracyclic triterpenoid, ginsenoside, and 3β-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It is derived from the hydride of dammarane. Ginsenosides are a class of steroidal glycosides and triterpenoid saponins, found only in plants of the genus Panax. Ginsenosides have been a focus of research because they are considered the active ingredients behind the efficacy of ginseng. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate. Rg1 appears to be most abundant in ginseng (Chinese/Korean ginseng). It improves spatial learning in mice and increases hippocampal synaptophysin levels, and also exhibits estrogen-like activity. Ginsenoside RG1 has been reported in Panax notoginseng, ginseng, and Vietnamese ginseng, with relevant data available. See also: American ginseng (partial); Asian ginseng (partial); Panax notoginseng root (partial).
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most studied bioactive components of Panax ginseng. It has been extensively investigated for its neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Rg1 is often used as a quality marker for ginseng products and is a major contributor to ginseng's therapeutic effects. The compound is not approved as a pharmaceutical drug but is available as a research compound and dietary supplement ingredient. |
| Molecular Formula |
C42H72O14
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| Molecular Weight |
801.02
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| Exact Mass |
800.492
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| CAS # |
22427-39-0
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| PubChem CID |
441923
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
898.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
194～197 ℃
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| Flash Point |
497.2±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.602
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| LogP |
1.66
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
56
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| Complexity |
1410
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
21
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(C[C@@H]([C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C
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| InChi Key |
YURJSTAIMNSZAE-HHNZYBFYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H72O14/c1-20(2)10-9-13-42(8,56-37-34(52)32(50)30(48)25(19-44)55-37)21-11-15-40(6)28(21)22(45)16-26-39(5)14-12-27(46)38(3,4)35(39)23(17-41(26,40)7)53-36-33(51)31(49)29(47)24(18-43)54-36/h10,21-37,43-52H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-,28-,29+,30+,31-,32-,33+,34+,35-,36+,37-,39+,40+,41+,42-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| Synonyms |
Sanchinoside Rg1; Sanchinoside C1; Ginsenoside RG1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~124.84 mM)
H2O : ~10 mg/mL (~12.48 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10 mg/mL (12.48 mM) in Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2484 mL | 6.2420 mL | 12.4841 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2497 mL | 1.2484 mL | 2.4968 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1248 mL | 0.6242 mL | 1.2484 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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