| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Targets |
Ginsenoside F1 primarily targets cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. It exhibits competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 activity with a Ki of 67.8 ± 16.2 μM and weaker inhibition of CYP2D6. The compound also targets Bcl-2, maintaining constant Bcl-2 levels to protect cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. It modulates the Rho family GTPases resulting in dendrite retraction in melanoma cells. Ginsenoside F1 has inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase.
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| ln Vitro |
It has been demonstrated that ginsenoside F1 possesses antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties. It also exhibits a modest inhibitory effect on CYP2D6 activity and a competitive inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity. In the MTT assay, 68% of the cells were viable at the maximum dose of ginsenoside F1 (200 μM) [1].
In vitro, Ginsenoside F1 exhibits competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 activity with Ki values of 67.8 ± 16.2 μM and weaker inhibition of CYP2D6. It significantly reduces ultraviolet-B-induced cell death by maintaining constant levels of Bcl-2 and protects HaCaT cells from apoptosis caused by ultraviolet B irradiation. The compound reduces α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin secretion in B16F10 cell culture media by 60% and modulates Rho family GTPases resulting in dendrite retraction. Ginsenoside F1 has inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase. It demonstrates anticancer, anti-aging, and antioxidant effects. |
| ln Vivo |
For eight weeks, ApoE-/-mice received a high-fat diet and an oral dose of ginsenoside F1 (50 mg/kg/day). The size of lesions in mice treated with ginsenoside F1 was substantially smaller than in the model group of mice [2].
In vivo, Ginsenoside F1 has demonstrated antiaging, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. As a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1, it is utilized in pharmacological research for studying drug metabolism, enzyme interactions, and pharmacokinetics in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The compound has been studied for its beneficial effects on skin and potential as a skin-whitening agent. It suppresses platelet aggregation and reduces gap junction-mediated intercellular communication. Further in vivo studies are ongoing to fully characterize its therapeutic potential. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Ginsenoside F1 enzyme assays involve measuring CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 activity inhibition. CYP3A4 activity is assessed using specific substrates such as testosterone or midazolam, and metabolite formation is monitored by HPLC or LC-MS/MS. Ki values (67.8 ± 16.2 μM for CYP3A4) are determined through enzyme kinetic studies. Elastase and tyrosinase inhibition assays are performed using purified enzymes and appropriate substrates. For antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging assays may be used. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls such as known CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole).
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| Cell Assay |
Ginsenoside F1 cell-based assays are conducted in HaCaT keratinocytes, B16F10 melanoma cells, and other cell lines. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with Ginsenoside F1 at varying concentrations. For UVB protection studies, cells are exposed to UVB irradiation and cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining and Bcl-2 levels are analyzed by Western blot. For melanin studies, α-MSH-induced melanin secretion is measured. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
Ginsenoside F1 in vivo studies are conducted in rodent models for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. The compound is typically administered orally or via injection. For skin studies, animal models of UVB-induced skin damage may be used. Blood samples are collected at various time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of drug metabolism and enzyme interactions. For anticancer studies, tumor-bearing mice may be used. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for histopathological and biomarker analysis at study endpoints. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Ginsenoside F1 (MW 638.87 g/mol, C36H62O9) is a dammarane-type ginsenoside. It is soluble in DMSO (100 mg/mL, 156.52 mM) and ethanol (100 mg/mL), but insoluble in water. For in vivo administration, it can be formulated as a homogeneous suspension in CMC-Na at ≥5 mg/mL. The compound is stable as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as oral bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution would be determined in species-specific studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ginsenoside F1 is generally well-tolerated in preclinical studies. The compound is a natural pharmaceutical component of ginseng with a long history of use. It has demonstrated antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and keratinocyte protective effects with acceptable safety profiles. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ginsenoside F1 is a ginsenoside found in plants of the genus Panax. Its structure is dammarane-type, with hydroxyl groups substituted at positions 3β, 6α, 12β, and 20 (pro-S position). The hydroxyl group at position 20 is converted to the corresponding β-D-glucopyranoside, and a double bond is introduced at positions 24-25. It is a plant metabolite and an inhibitor of apoptosis. It is a 12β-hydroxysteroid, 3β-hydroxysteroid, β-D-glucopyranoside, ginsenoside, tetracyclic triterpenoid, 6α-hydroxysteroid, and 3β-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It is derived from the hydride of dammarane. Ginsenoside F1 has been reported in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Panax notoginseng, and ginseng; relevant data have been reported.
Ginsenoside F1 is an enzymatic metabolite generated from ginsenoside Rg1 with antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and keratinocyte protective effects. It competitively inhibits CYP3A4 (Ki = 67.8 ± 16.2 μM) and weakly inhibits CYP2D6. The compound protects HaCaT cells from UVB-induced apoptosis by maintaining Bcl-2 levels. It reduces melanin secretion and modulates Rho GTPases in melanoma cells. Ginsenoside F1 has potential as a skin-whitening agent and is used in drug metabolism research. All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C36H62O9
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
638.8721
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| Exact Mass |
638.439
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| CAS # |
53963-43-2
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| PubChem CID |
9809542
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
751.7±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
408.4±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±5.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.581
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| LogP |
3.8
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
45
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| Complexity |
1110
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
16
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(C[C@@H]([C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)O)C)O)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)C
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| InChi Key |
XNGXWSFSJIQMNC-FIYORUNESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C36H62O9/c1-19(2)10-9-13-36(8,45-31-29(43)28(42)27(41)23(18-37)44-31)20-11-15-34(6)26(20)21(38)16-24-33(5)14-12-25(40)32(3,4)30(33)22(39)17-35(24,34)7/h10,20-31,37-43H,9,11-18H2,1-8H3/t20-,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26-,27+,28-,29+,30-,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]hept-5-en-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~156.53 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5653 mL | 7.8263 mL | 15.6526 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3131 mL | 1.5653 mL | 3.1305 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1565 mL | 0.7826 mL | 1.5653 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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