| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Gibberellic acid targets the gibberellin receptor in plants, which is involved in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, including stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. By binding to the gibberellin receptor, gibberellic acid activates downstream signaling pathways that promote cell division and elongation. The compound is a plant growth regulating hormone.
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| ln Vitro |
Gibberellic acid can aid in preventing cold stress in chickpea seedlings. Gibberellic acid (10–20 μM) helps seeds retain low electrolyte leakage and high relative water content while also increasing the final emergence probability (FEP) [2]. After treating Echinacea hairy roots with gibberellic acid (0.025 μM), the hairy root cultures' PAL activity, cell survival, and free radical scavenging activity all enhanced. Gibberellic acid promotes the growth of hairy roots and maximizes the generation of secondary metabolites in Echinacea hairy root cultures [3]. br/
Gibberellic acid promotes rapid stem and root growth, induces mitotic division, and initiates (breaks dormancy) and increases seed germination rates. Its activity can be assessed in various plant bioassays, including seed germination assays, stem elongation assays, and leaf growth assays. The compound's effects on plant growth and development are concentration-dependent. |
| ln Vivo |
For 25 days, rats were given unlimited access to drinking water containing 75 ppm ABA and GA3. Each rat's PGR intake was roughly 2.2 mg per day [5]. Gibberellic acid (2.2 mg/rat/day; po) can alter the antioxidant system in different rat tissues and increase the amount of lipid peroxides [5].
Gibberellic acid is used in vivo as a plant growth regulator in agriculture, horticulture, and research. It promotes internode elongation and breaks certain dormancies in seeds. It can induce flowering in some plant species. Gibberellic acid is used to trigger germination in dormant seeds in laboratory and greenhouse settings and to stimulate rapid stem and root growth. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for gibberellic acid are limited as it is a plant hormone that acts through receptor-mediated signaling rather than through enzyme inhibition. Its binding affinity for the gibberellin receptor can be assessed using radioligand binding studies with plant receptor preparations. The compound's physicochemical properties can be characterized using standard analytical techniques.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for gibberellic acid involve treating plant cell cultures or tissue explants with the compound and measuring its effects on cell growth and differentiation. Cell elongation is assessed by measuring cell length, and cell division is assessed by counting mitotic figures. The compound's effects on gene expression can be evaluated using qPCR or RNA-seq.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo plant experiments with gibberellic acid are conducted in various plant species to assess its effects on growth and development. Plants are treated with gibberellic acid via foliar spray, seed treatment, or root application, and parameters such as stem length, leaf area, seed germination rate, and flowering time are measured. The compound's efficacy and optimal application rates are determined in these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Transshipment within plants. Gibberellic acid has a molecular weight of 346.38 and a molecular formula of C19H22O6. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 227°C and a density of 1.34 g/cm³ at 20°C. Purity is typically ≥90%. The compound is soluble in ethanol and other organic solvents. It is typically stored at room temperature in a dry, dark place. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
LC50 > 5,900 mg/m3 Gibberellic acid is generally considered to have low toxicity to mammals. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Gibberellin is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)
Gibberellin A3 is a C19-gibberellin, belonging to the pentacyclic diterpenoid class of compounds responsible for promoting plant cell growth and elongation. It was initially discovered in Gibberella fujikuroi and differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4. It is a metabolite found in both plants and mice. It is a lactone, gibberellin monocarboxylic acid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, and a C19-gibberellin. It is the conjugate acid of gibberellin A3(1-). Gibberellin has been reported in Fusarium fujikuroi, soybean, and other organisms with relevant data. Mechanism of Action Gibberellin enhances the activity of guanylate cyclase in rat lungs, an enzyme associated with growth. Gibberellin exhibits androgenic activity in chicks. Gibberellic acid (GA3; CAS 77-06-5) is an important plant growth hormone that promotes plant cell growth and elongation. It promotes internode elongation and breaks certain dormancies in seeds. Gibberellic acid is used in agriculture, horticulture, and research to regulate plant growth and development. The compound is available from various commercial suppliers for research and agricultural applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H22O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
346.37
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| Exact Mass |
346.141
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| CAS # |
77-06-5
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| Related CAS # |
125-67-7 (mono-potassium salt)
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| PubChem CID |
6466
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| Appearance |
Crystals from ethyl acetate
Fine white powder at 23 °C |
| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
628.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
227 °C
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| Flash Point |
231.4±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.661
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| LogP |
0.01
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
772
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
|
| SMILES |
O1C([C@]2(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])(C([H])=C([H])[C@]31[C@]2([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])[C@]12C([H])([H])C(=C([H])[H])[C@](C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]13[H])(C2([H])[H])O[H])O[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H22O6/c1-9-7-17-8-18(9,24)5-3-10(17)19-6-4-11(20)16(2,15(23)25-19)13(19)12(17)14(21)22/h4,6,10-13,20,24H,1,3,5,7-8H2,2H3,(H,21,22)/t10-,11+,12-,13-,16-,17+,18+,19-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1R,2R,5S,8S,9S,10R,11S,12S)-5,12-dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
GA; Gibberellin A3; Gibberellic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~288.71 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8871 mL | 14.4354 mL | 28.8709 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5774 mL | 2.8871 mL | 5.7742 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2887 mL | 1.4435 mL | 2.8871 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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