At an IC50 value of 30 μM, geranylacetate significantly inhibits the growth of the colo-205 cancer cell line [2]. In colo-205 cells, geranyl acetate promotes apoptosis, which is associated with upregulated Bax expression and downregulated Bcl-2 expression [2].

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Geranyl acetate exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against colon cancer Colo-205 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 30 μM after 24 hours of treatment. [2]
Geranyl acetate induced apoptosis in Colo-205 cells, as evidenced by DAPI staining showing increased number of cells with white-colored nuclei. The apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial pathway: Western blotting revealed upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. [2]
Geranyl acetate induced DNA damage in Colo-205 cells at its IC50 concentration, demonstrated by comet assay showing formation of tail DNA. [2]
Geranyl acetate triggered G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in Colo-205 cells at its IC50 concentration, as shown by flow cytometry analysis where cells accumulated in the G2/M phase. [2]

Cell viability (MTT assay): Colo-205 cells were cultured in 96-well plates at a density of 5×10⁵ cells per well and incubated overnight. The medium was then replaced with fresh medium containing geranyl acetate at different concentrations (0‑100 μM) for 24 hours. MTT solution (0.5 mg/mL) was added for the last 4 hours of incubation, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. [2]
Apoptosis assay (DAPI staining): Colo-205 cells were seeded at 2×10⁵ cells/well in 6-well plates and treated with geranyl acetate at 30 μM (IC50) for 24 hours. Cells were then incubated with DAPI, washed with PBS, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, washed again with PBS, and examined under a fluorescence microscope. Apoptotic cells were quantified. [2]
DNA damage assay (comet assay): Colo-205 cells treated with geranyl acetate at 30 μM were harvested and suspended in cold PBS. Cells in 0.5% low melting point agarose were placed on a slide precoated with 1% regular agarose. The layers were solidified at 4 °C, then suspended in cold lysis buffer for 50 min at 4 °C. After drying, slides were soaked in fresh electrophoresis solution for 25 min, followed by electrophoresis at 300 mA, 25 V for 25 min at 4 °C. Slides were stained with ethidium bromide (20 μg/mL) for 12 min, neutralized with 0.4 M Tris‑HCl (pH 7.5), washed, and observed under a fluorescent microscope. DNA damage parameters were recorded for 100 cells per sample using CASP software. [2]
Cell cycle analysis: Treated Colo-205 cells (with geranyl acetate at 30 μM) were harvested, washed twice with PBS, fixed with 70% ethanol for about 1 hour, and washed again with PBS. Cells were resuspended in propidium iodide (PI) solution (50 μL/mL) containing RNase 1 (250 μg/mL), incubated for 30 min at room temperature, and analyzed by flow cytometry (10,000 cells/group). [2]
Western blotting: Total protein was isolated from Colo-205 cells treated with geranyl acetate at 30 μM using RIPA lysis buffer. Equal protein extracts were separated by SDS‑PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane. The membrane was blocked with 5% non‑fat milk for 1 hour at room temperature, then incubated with specific primary antibodies against Bax and Bcl‑2 overnight at 4 °C, followed by incubation with appropriate secondary antibody for 1 hour. Protein bands were visualized using an ECL detection kit. [2]

Metabolism / Metabolites
Assuming these terpene esters hydrolyze into alcohols, they are likely to be partially oxidized into an acid called Hildebrand acid… In the case of Geranyl, some reduced Hildebrand acid (2-3 double bonds) will also be formed.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 6330 mg/kg

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[1]. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of the valuable monoterpene ester geranyl acetate. Microb Cell Fact. 2018 Jun 5;17(1):85.

[2]. Geraniol and geranyl acetate induce potent anticancer effects in colon cancer Colo-205 cells by inducing apoptosis, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. J BUON. 2018 Mar-Apr;23(2):346-352.

Geranyl acetate is a colorless, transparent liquid with a lavender scent. (NTP, 1992)
Geranyl acetate is a monoterpenoid compound, an acetate derivative of Geranyl. It is a plant metabolite. It is both an acetate and a monoterpenoid compound, functionally related to Geranyl.
Geranyl acetate has been reported to be found in citronella (Cymbopogon martinii), citronella (Cymbopogon distans), and other organisms with relevant data.
See also: Cold-pressed lemon oil (partial components); Coriander oil (partial components); Java lemongrass oil (partial components).

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Geranyl acetate is a monoterpene found in essential oils of several plant species. Monoterpenes have gained attention for their health-promoting properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. In this study, geranyl acetate showed significant anticancer activity against colon cancer Colo-205 cells, with an IC50 of 30 μM, which was slightly less potent than geraniol (IC50 = 20 μM). The anticancer mechanism involves induction of apoptosis (via mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2 pathway), DNA damage, and G2/M cell cycle arrest. The authors propose that geranyl acetate may be a promising lead molecule for the treatment of colon cancer. [2]

C12H20O2

196.29

196.146

105-87-3

1549026

Colorless to light yellow liquid

0.9±0.1 g/cm3

247.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

< 25ºC

98.9±0.0 °C

0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

1.458

4.1

0

2

6

14

233

0

CC(=CCC/C(=C/COC(=O)C)/C)C

HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-DHZHZOJOSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H20O2/c1-10(2)6-5-7-11(3)8-9-14-12(4)13/h6,8H,5,7,9H2,1-4H3/b11-8+

[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] acetate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~509.45 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)