| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Quinolone
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (inhibition of DNA synthesis; no quantitative IC50/Ki values provided in these papers) [2][3] Gemifloxacin mesylate targets bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. By inhibiting these enzymes, it prevents the supercoiling and decatenation of bacterial DNA, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis and ultimately bacterial cell death. It has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. |
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| ln Vitro |
With a MIC90 of 0.06 μg/mL, gemifloxacin exhibits greater antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae than doxifloxacin (HY-66011A)[2].
With a MIC90 of 0.03 μg/mL, gemifloxacin exhibits extremely strong antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae strains that are resistant to penicillin[2]. In vitro antibacterial activity (MIC values): Against Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis, MIC values were mostly < 0.008 μg/mL. Against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), gemifloxacin showed 16-256-fold enhancement compared to ciprofloxacin. Against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE), 32-512-fold enhancement vs. ciprofloxacin (ciprofloxacin MIC = 64 μg/mL for MRSA and 128 μg/mL for MRSE). Against Streptococcus pneumoniae, gemifloxacin MIC = 0.016 μg/mL. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MIC = 0.25 μg/mL. Against Escherichia coli, MIC ≤ 0.008 μg/mL. [1] In vitro, Gemifloxacin mesylate is a potent antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. It demonstrates potent activity against respiratory pathogens and has favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are low against susceptible strains. |
| ln Vivo |
Gemifloxacin has favorable pharmacokinetic profile in animals after oral administration[1].
In vivo efficacy (mouse protection test): ED50 values against systemic infection in mice (oral administration twice, at 1 and 4 h after infection): S. aureus giorgio: gemifloxacin ED50 = 1.17 mg/kg (95% CI 0.52-2.10), ciprofloxacin 6.05 mg/kg, des-oximino compound 8.03 mg/kg. Str. pneumoniae 77A: gemifloxacin ED50 = 7.64 mg/kg, ciprofloxacin >200 mg/kg. P. aeruginosa 1912E: gemifloxacin ED50 = 2.08 mg/kg, ciprofloxacin 2.34 mg/kg, des-oximino 9.75 mg/kg. E. coli 851E: gemifloxacin ED50 = 0.47 mg/kg, ciprofloxacin 0.20 mg/kg, des-oximino >13.5 mg/kg. [1] In vivo, Gemifloxacin mesylate is used for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. It is administered orally once daily. It has good tissue penetration and is effective in eradicating respiratory pathogens. It is well-tolerated and has a favorable safety profile. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antibacterial susceptibility assays for Gemifloxacin mesylate are performed using standard broth microdilution or agar dilution methods according to CLSI guidelines. Various bacterial strains are cultured in appropriate media and exposed to varying concentrations of Gemifloxacin mesylate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined after incubation at 35-37°C for 16-24 hours.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Gemifloxacin mesylate are not typical for antibacterial agents, as its primary activity is against bacteria rather than mammalian cells. However, cytotoxicity assays may be performed using mammalian cell lines (e.g., HepG2 or Vero cells) to assess the compound's safety profile. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with Gemifloxacin mesylate at various concentrations for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is measured by MTT or neutral red uptake assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Mouse protection test: Antimicrobial agents were administered orally twice (at 1 and 4 h after infection) to mice infected with bacterial strains. ED50 (50% effective dose) was calculated with 95% confidence limits. [1]
Rat and dog pharmacokinetic studies: Rats (SD) received 20 mg/kg oral dose; dogs received 4 mg/kg oral dose. Blood samples collected at various time points; plasma concentrations analyzed to determine AUC, half-life, Cmax, Tmax, and bioavailability. [1] In vivo animal studies for Gemifloxacin mesylate were conducted in rodent models of respiratory infection. Animals are infected with a bacterial pathogen (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae) and treated with Gemifloxacin mesylate orally. The reduction in bacterial burden in the lungs is assessed by colony counting. Efficacy is compared to untreated controls and standard antibiotics. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Rat (SD rat, 20 mg/kg oral): AUC = 8.50 μg·h/mL, half-life = 2.33 h, Cmax = 2.44 μg/mL, Tmax = 0.33 h, bioavailability = 95.3%. [1]
Dog (4 mg/kg oral): AUC = 7.55 μg·h/mL, half-life = 5.12 h, Cmax = 1.34 μg/mL, Tmax = 1.13 h, bioavailability = 71%. [1] Gemifloxacin mesylate is well-absorbed after oral administration with good oral bioavailability. It has a half-life that supports once-daily dosing. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in urine and feces. Its pharmacokinetic profile is characterized by good tissue penetration and high protein binding. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Human tolerability (from [2]): Gemifloxacin mesylate was generally well tolerated. No serious adverse events. Most common adverse events: headache (17 events), nausea (12 events), abdominal pain (6 events). Mild, transient, asymptomatic elevations of ALT and AST occurred in three subjects at 640 mg; one subject withdrawn (ALT 179 IU/L, AST 103 IU/L). Two cases of rash (one mild maculopapular, one widespread pruritic). No drug crystals seen in urine that would indicate in vivo crystalluria, though one sample at 640 mg showed possible crystals on filter. No clinically significant changes in ECG (QTc) or other lab parameters. [2]
Insect toxicity (from [3]): Dietary gemifloxacin mesylate at 1.0% significantly increased hemolymph MDA (lipid peroxidation) and at 0.01-1.0% increased protein carbonyls, indicating oxidative damage. GST activity was increased at 0.001-0.1%. These effects suggest pro-oxidant toxicity in insects, though no acute lethality data were reported. [3] Gemifloxacin mesylate is generally well-tolerated. Common adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, headache, and dizziness. It may cause tendonitis and tendon rupture, as with other fluoroquinolones. It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to quinolones. As an approved drug, it is available by prescription. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Gemifloxacin mesylate is the mesylate salt of gemifloxacin. It is an antibacterial agent and a topoisomerase IV inhibitor. It contains the gemifloxacin molecule. Gemifloxacin mesylate is the mesylate form of gemifloxacin, a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug. Gemifloxacin mesylate inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting bacterial growth. This fluoroquinolone drug has a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus) in addition to being effective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is a naphthidine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent, and also a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, used to treat community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis. See also: Gemifloxacin (containing the active ingredient).
Gemifloxacin (as methanesulfonate salt) has high water solubility and stability. It was licensed to SmithKline Beecham in 1997 for worldwide development. Phase II/III clinical trials involved >8000 patients in 40 countries. NDA filed with FDA in 1999. Indicated for respiratory tract infections (chronic bronchitis, pneumonia). Once-daily dosage. [1] Gemifloxacin mesylate is an orally active broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial antibiotic. It is also known as SB-265805S and LB-20304a. It is used for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. This product is for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H24FN5O7S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
485.4866
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| Exact Mass |
485.138
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 47.01; H, 4.98; F, 3.91; N, 14.43; O, 23.07; S, 6.60
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| CAS # |
210353-53-0
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| Related CAS # |
Gemifloxacin;175463-14-6
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| PubChem CID |
9588170
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
638.9ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
235-237ºC
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| Flash Point |
340.2ºC
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| LogP |
2.316
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
817
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])[H])(=O)(=O)O[H].FC1C([H])=C2C(C(C(=O)O[H])=C([H])N(C2=NC=1N1C([H])([H])/C(/C([H])(C([H])([H])N([H])[H])C1([H])[H])=N\OC([H])([H])[H])C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
JIYMVSQRGZEYAX-CWUUNJJBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H20FN5O4.CH4O3S/c1-28-22-14-8-23(6-9(14)5-20)17-13(19)4-11-15(25)12(18(26)27)7-24(10-2-3-10)16(11)21-17;1-5(2,3)4/h4,7,9-10H,2-3,5-6,8,20H2,1H3,(H,26,27);1H3,(H,2,3,4)/b22-14+;
|
| Chemical Name |
7-[(4Z)-3-(aminomethyl)-4-methoxyiminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid;methanesulfonic acid
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| Synonyms |
CHEBI:53749; LB-20304a; SB-265805-S; gemifloxacin mesylate; LB 20304; SB-265805S; LB-20304a; LB-20304; LB20304; SB 265805; SB-265805; SB 265805S; LB 20304a; SB-265805-S; LB-20304-a
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 97~100 mg/mL ( 199.79 ~205.98 mM )
H2O : 50~97 mg/mL (~102.99 mM ) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.15 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.15 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.15 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.15 mM) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0598 mL | 10.2989 mL | 20.5977 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4120 mL | 2.0598 mL | 4.1195 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2060 mL | 1.0299 mL | 2.0598 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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