| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Garcinone D targets multiple cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. It activates STAT3 phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 expression, promoting cell cycle progression and proliferation in neural stem cells. The compound enhances the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which is involved in antioxidant defense. Garcinone D inhibits CDK2/CyclinE1, blocking the tumor cell cycle. It also acts as an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 and p50 activation. The compound inhibits aggregation of amyloid-β (1-42).
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| ln Vitro |
Garcinone D shows significant cytotoxicity against the CEM-SS cell line with an IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL. It promotes C17.2 neural stem cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by increasing p-STAT3, Cyclin D1, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein levels. The compound inhibits CDK2/CyclinE1 activity (IC50 = 28.23 μM). It exhibits dose-dependent microsomal aromatase inhibitory activity. Garcinone D inhibits p65 and p50 activation, exerting anti-inflammatory effects. It inhibits amyloid-β aggregation at 3 μM.
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| ln Vivo |
Garcinone D promotes neural stem cell proliferation in vivo through activation of STAT3 and Nrf2 pathways. It demonstrates anticancer activity, inhibiting prostate and breast cancer growth. The compound's ability to block tumor cell cycle via CDK2/CyclinE1 inhibition contributes to its in vivo antitumor efficacy. Its anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inhibition have been observed in animal models. Specific in vivo dosing and efficacy data are limited in the available literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for garcinone D involve measuring the inhibition of CDK2/CyclinE1 activity using purified enzyme preparations. The compound is incubated with CDK2/CyclinE1 and appropriate substrates, and kinase activity is measured by detecting phosphorylation of substrate proteins. Aromatase inhibition assays are performed using microsomal preparations and radiolabeled substrates. NF-κB p65 and p50 activation assays are conducted using reporter gene systems or electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These cell-free assays provide quantitative data on the compound's inhibitory potency.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for garcinone D involve treating neural stem cells (C17.2) or cancer cell lines (CEM-SS, prostate, breast cancer cells) with varying concentrations of the compound. Cell proliferation is measured using BrdU incorporation, MTT, or similar assays. Protein levels of p-STAT3, Cyclin D1, Nrf2, and HO-1 are analyzed by Western blotting. Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis is quantified using Annexin V/PI staining. Amyloid-β aggregation inhibition is assessed using Thioflavin T fluorescence assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for garcinone D have been conducted in models of cancer and neural stem cell proliferation. Tumor-bearing mice are treated with garcinone D orally or via injection, and tumor growth inhibition is monitored. Neural stem cell proliferation can be assessed in vivo using BrdU labeling and immunohistochemistry. The compound's effects on STAT3, Cyclin D1, and Nrf2 pathways are evaluated by analyzing tissue samples. Specific dosing regimens and detailed efficacy data are limited in the available literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Garcinone D has a molecular weight of 428.47 and a molecular formula of C24H28O7. It is a naturally occurring xanthone with a complex polycyclic structure. The compound is isolated from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Its solubility properties are characteristic of xanthone compounds. Specific pharmacokinetic data such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination are not extensively reported. The compound is typically stored under recommended conditions for natural products.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for garcinone D is not extensively reported. As a natural compound from mangosteen, which has a history of use in traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. However, the compound exhibits significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, indicating potential for selective toxicity. Comprehensive toxicological studies would be required for therapeutic development. Standard safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound in research settings.
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| References |
Garcinone
D, a natural xanthone promotes C17.2 neural stem cell proliferation:
Possible involvement of STAT3/Cyclin D1 pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Neurosci Lett. 2016 Jul 28;626:6-12.; Leewanich P, Suksamram S. Xanthones Isolated from the Pericarp of Mangosteen Inhibit Neurotransmitter Receptors Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015 Nov;98 Suppl 10:S118-23. PubMed PMID: 27276843.
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| Additional Infomation |
Garcinia cambogia D is a type of xanthone compound. It has been reported to exist in mangosteen fruit, Garcinia morrhagica fruit, and other organisms with relevant data.
Garcinone D is a naturally occurring xanthone from mangosteen that activates STAT3/Cyclin D1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways while inhibiting CDK2/CyclinE1. It promotes neural stem cell proliferation and shows significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The compound inhibits NF-κB p65 and p50 activation and inhibits amyloid-β aggregation. Garcinone D has potential applications in neurodegenerative disease and cancer research. |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H28O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
428.4749
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| Exact Mass |
428.183
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| CAS # |
107390-08-9
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| PubChem CID |
5495926
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.304
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| Boiling Point |
674.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
202-204 ºC
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| Flash Point |
231.2±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.625
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| LogP |
3.71
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
671
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
TYALNCRUIKOKGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H28O7/c1-12(2)6-7-13-15(25)10-18-20(21(13)27)22(28)19-14(8-9-24(3,4)29)23(30-5)16(26)11-17(19)31-18/h6,10-11,25-27,29H,7-9H2,1-5H3
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| Chemical Name |
1,3,6-Trihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one
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| Synonyms |
Garcinone D Garcinone-D
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~116.69 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3339 mL | 11.6694 mL | 23.3389 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4668 mL | 2.3339 mL | 4.6678 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2334 mL | 1.1669 mL | 2.3339 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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