| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
gamma-Tocotrienol acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Unlike tocopherols, tocotrienols have unsaturated side chains, which allow them to penetrate tissues with saturated fatty layers more efficiently, such as the brain and liver. gamma-Tocotrienol has been shown to inhibit the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. It also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
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| ln Vitro |
γ-Tocotrienol (25 μM; 24 h) efficiently suppresses P-gp protein and mdr1 mRNA expression levels. (25 μM and 50 μM; 24 h) also suppresses P-gp's efflux activity and mdr1 promoter activity. [2]. γ-Tocotrienol (at 25 μM and 50 μM; 24 hours) can decrease NF-κB transcriptional activity as well as the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway [2]. γ-Tocotrienol (50 μM; 48 h) efficiently prevents the nuclear translocation of p65 caused by TNFα [2]. fluorescent imaging [2]
In vitro, gamma-tocotrienol exhibits potent antioxidant activity, protecting cells from oxidative stress induced by various agents. It also inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. It has been shown to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators and to protect neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. |
| ln Vivo |
In myelosuppressive and fatal TBI in mice, the liposomal formulation of gamma-tocotrienol, GT3-Nano (20 mol% gamma-tocotrienol) (10 mg/kg, 6 mol%; intravenous injection; single dose, studied for 100 days), is efficacious in lowering sublethal [3]. Mice treated with the internal radiation therapy agent 153Sm-EDTMP can benefit from a fast recovery of hematopoietic components when administered GT3-Nano (50 mg/kg by intravenous injection) [3].
In vivo, gamma-tocotrienol has been studied for its potential to reduce cholesterol levels, protect against cardiovascular disease, and inhibit tumor growth. In animal models, it has shown neuroprotective effects in models of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been studied for its potential to improve metabolic health and to protect against liver damage. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro antioxidant assay for gamma-tocotrienol involves measuring its ability to scavenge free radicals. This is typically done using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) or ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging assay. The reduction in the absorbance of the radical is measured to determine the compound's antioxidant capacity.
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| Cell Assay |
Immunofluorescence [2]
Cell Types: MCF-7/Adr Cell Tested Concentrations: 50 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The red fluorescence of p65 in the nucleus weakened, indicating that TNFα inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65. In vitro cellular assays for gamma-tocotrienol are performed on various cell types, including cancer cells, neuronal cells, and immune cells. Cells are treated with gamma-tocotrienol, and parameters related to cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress are measured. For example, the induction of apoptosis is assessed using annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: C57/BL6 black mouse (6-8 weeks old) total body irradiation [3]
Doses: 16, 24, 32, 50mg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) (iv)injection; injection administration; mice were treated for 100 days Observations: Demonstrated dose-dependent radioprotection, achieving 90% survival against lethal 9 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. MPP2 and CMP are upregulated in bone marrow progenitor cells in GT3-Nano-treated mice. In vivo animal experiments for gamma-tocotrienol are conducted in various models of disease. For stroke research, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in mice or rats is used to assess its neuroprotective effects. For cancer research, xenograft models are used to evaluate its antitumor activity. For cardiovascular research, models of hypercholesterolemia are used to study its cholesterol-lowering effects. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gamma-tocotrienol, like other vitamin E isoforms, is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and transported in lipoproteins. It is distributed to various tissues, with significant accumulation in the liver, brain, and adipose tissue. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine and bile. Its half-life is shorter than that of tocopherols due to its rapid clearance.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Gamma-tocotrienol is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. It has a low toxicity profile, and no significant adverse effects have been reported at doses commonly used in research. High doses may cause gastrointestinal disturbances. It is not known to be teratogenic or mutagenic. As a natural compound, it is widely consumed as part of a normal diet.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Gamma-tocotrienol is a tocotrienol with the structure chroman-6-ol, substituted with methyl groups at positions 2, 7, and 8, and a farnesyl chain attached at position 2. It is a member of the vitamin E family and possesses potent anti-cancer properties, capable of combating various cancers. It also exhibits antioxidant, antitumor, plant metabolism-enhancing, radiation-protective, apoptosis-inducing, and hepatoprotective effects. It is both a tocotrienol and vitamin E. Gamma-tocotrienol has been reported to exist in amaranth plants (such as hybrid amaranth and blood amaranth) and other organisms with relevant data.
Gamma-tocotrienol is a natural compound with significant research interest due to its unique biological activities. It is studied for its potential in preventing and treating various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Unlike alpha-tocopherol, which is the most common form of vitamin E, gamma-tocotrienol has been shown to have more potent antioxidant and anti-cancer properties in some studies. It is available as a dietary supplement. |
| Molecular Formula |
C28H42O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
410.6319
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| Exact Mass |
410.318
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| CAS # |
14101-61-2
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| PubChem CID |
5282349
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
530.8±49.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
218.4±24.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.523
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| LogP |
10.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
625
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O1C2=C(C([H])([H])[H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=C(C([H])=C2C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
OTXNTMVVOOBZCV-WAZJVIJMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H42O2/c1-20(2)11-8-12-21(3)13-9-14-22(4)15-10-17-28(7)18-16-25-19-26(29)23(5)24(6)27(25)30-28/h11,13,15,19,29H,8-10,12,14,16-18H2,1-7H3/b21-13+,22-15+/t28-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~243.53 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (6.09 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4353 mL | 12.1764 mL | 24.3528 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4871 mL | 2.4353 mL | 4.8706 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2435 mL | 1.2176 mL | 2.4353 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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