| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of γ-Tocopherol include cyclooxygenase (COX), for which it acts as a potent inhibitor. By inhibiting COX, the compound reduces inflammation. It also targets free radicals as an antioxidant, scavenging them and protecting against oxidative damage. The compound inhibits cancer cell cycle progression and proliferation by down-regulating cyclins. These targets make it relevant for inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular research.
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| ln Vitro |
Although it is highly absorbed and can build up in several human tissues, gamma-tocopherol (D-γ-tocopherol) is mostly converted to 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(β-carboxyethyl) -6-Hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC), which is primarily eliminated by urine [1]. The incidence of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease is inversely correlated with plasma concentrations of γ-tocopherol (D-γ-tocopherol) [1].
In vitro, γ-Tocopherol inhibits COX activity and demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties. It scavenges free radicals and protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. The compound inhibits human cancer cell cycle progression and cell proliferation by down-regulating cyclins. These in vitro activities support its use in research on inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, γ-Tocopherol is an orally bioavailable form of vitamin E with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including cardiovascular protection and cancer prevention. The compound is found in corn oil and soybean oil and is used as a dietary supplement and in nutritional research. Its in vivo effects are well-documented in vitamin E research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for γ-Tocopherol involve measuring COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. The compound is incubated with COX enzymes at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 μM, and enzyme activity is measured using prostaglandin production assays. IC50 values are determined. Antioxidant activity is assessed using DPPH, ABTS, or ORAC assays. Cancer cell proliferation is assessed using cell viability assays. All assays include appropriate controls and reference compounds.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for γ-Tocopherol are conducted using cancer cell lines for anti-cancer studies, and inflammatory cells for anti-inflammatory studies. Cells are treated with compound concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 μM for 24-72 hours. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Cell cycle analysis is performed using propidium iodide staining. Inflammatory cytokine production is measured by ELISA. ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes. Experiments include vehicle controls and positive controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with γ-Tocopherol are conducted in models of cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. The compound is administered via oral dietary supplementation at doses ranging from 10-1000 mg/kg. Tumor growth is measured in cancer models. Inflammatory markers are assessed in inflammation models. Cardiovascular parameters are measured. Each group consists of 6-10 animals with vehicle-treated controls. Data are analyzed using standard statistical methods.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of γ-Tocopherol include its oral bioavailability and distribution to various tissues. As a lipophilic vitamin E form (MW 416.68, C28H48O2), it is absorbed with dietary fats and transported in lipoproteins. The compound is metabolized through oxidation and conjugation, with elimination via biliary and renal excretion. Its pharmacokinetics are influenced by dietary fat intake and metabolic rate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for γ-Tocopherol indicate that it is generally well-tolerated as a form of vitamin E. No significant toxicity has been reported at typical dietary and supplement doses. High doses may cause bleeding risk due to anticoagulant effects. Comprehensive safety data are available from vitamin E research and clinical use. As with all research chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
γ-Tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the 7th and 8th positions of the cromoglycan-6-ol core are replaced by methyl groups. It is primarily found in corn and soybean oil. γ-Tocopherol is a plant metabolite, a food antioxidant, and an algal metabolite. It is a form of vitamin E and a tocopherol. γ-Tocopherol is currently being studied in the clinical trial NCT00836368 (Study on the in vitro basophil response to allergen-induced allergic asthma after γ-tocopherol supplementation in patients). γ-Tocopherol has been reported in perilla, soybeans, and several other organisms with relevant data. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring, fat-soluble form of vitamin E with high oral bioavailability, found in certain nuts and seeds, and possesses potential antioxidant activity. Although the exact mechanism of action of this tocopherol is not fully understood, γ-Tocopherol appears to have the ability to scavenge free radicals, thereby protecting the body from oxidative damage. It is a natural tocopherol, and its antioxidant activity is lower than that of α-Tocopherol. Its antioxidant activity is due to the phenolic hydroxyl hydrogen on its 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol core. Similar to β-tocopherol, it also contains three methyl groups on its 6-chromanol core, but in different positions.
γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of vitamin E found in corn oil and soybeans. It is a potent COX inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The compound scavenges free radicals, protects against oxidative damage, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. It is used in research on inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Available as a dietary supplement and research chemical. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₂₈H₄₈O₂
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
416.68
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| Exact Mass |
416.365
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| CAS # |
54-28-4
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| PubChem CID |
92729
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
0.933g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
200 °C (0.1 mmHg)
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| Melting Point |
-67.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point |
206ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
n20/D 1.505
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| LogP |
8.531
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
475
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O1C2=C(C([H])([H])[H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=C(C([H])=C2C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H48O2/c1-20(2)11-8-12-21(3)13-9-14-22(4)15-10-17-28(7)18-16-25-19-26(29)23(5)24(6)27(25)30-28/h19-22,29H,8-18H2,1-7H3/t21-,22-,28-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol
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| Synonyms |
γTocopherol; γ Tocopherol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~239.99 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (6.00 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3999 mL | 11.9996 mL | 23.9992 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4800 mL | 2.3999 mL | 4.7998 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2400 mL | 1.2000 mL | 2.3999 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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