| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Fumitremorgin C targets the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), an ATP-binding cassette transporter that mediates drug efflux and contributes to resistance against various chemotherapeutic agents. By inhibiting ABCG2, fumitremorgin C reverses BCRP-mediated drug efflux, thereby increasing the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic agents such as mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and topotecan. The compound is a potent and specific inhibitor of this multidrug transporter.
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| ln Vitro |
In cancer chemotherapy, multidrug interactions (MDR) represent a significant challenge. In multidrug-selected cell lines, fumiremorgin C is incredibly successful in reversing the interaction of mitocinone, doxorubicin, and topotecan. Fugitremorgin C reversed doxorubicin-quinone selectivity (3-fold) and mitoxantrone-quinone selectivity (114-fold) in MCF-7/mtxR, a mitoxantrone-selected cell line. In S1M1-3.2 cells, fumiremorgin C (5/AM) markedly increased the toxicity of mitoxantrone (93-fold), doxorubicin (26-fold), and topotecan (24-fold). reversal of the activity in cells expressing MRP or Pgp at high levels [1]. Fumitremorgin C is a pharmacological marker of the expression and molecular function of this transporter, and it almost entirely recovers BCRP-mediated interactions in vitro. Additionally, mitoxantrone and topotecan were 2.5–5.6 times more lethal to vector-transfected MCF-7 cells when fumiremorgin C was present. At that point, untreated vector-transfected cells' IC50 for topotecan decreased to a value lower than that of BCRP-overexpressing cells [2].
In vitro, fumitremorgin C is extremely effective in reversing resistance to mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and topotecan in cancer cells that overexpress BCRP. It is a pharmacological marker of the expression and molecular function of this transporter, and it almost entirely recovers BCRP-mediated interactions in vitro. The compound's ability to reverse multidrug resistance is associated with increased drug accumulation in cancer cells. These in vitro studies confirm its utility as a chemosensitizing agent. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, fumitremorgin C has been studied for its potential to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer models. By inhibiting BCRP, the compound may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents that are substrates of this transporter. However, specific in vivo efficacy data in animal models are not extensively detailed in the available literature. The compound is primarily a research tool for studying multidrug resistance mechanisms.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for fumitremorgin C are not typically performed because the compound targets a transporter rather than an enzyme or receptor. However, its inhibition of ABCG2 can be assessed using transporter activity assays. In these assays, cells expressing ABCG2 are incubated with a fluorescent substrate (e.g., mitoxantrone or Hoechst 33342) in the presence of varying concentrations of fumitremorgin C, and the accumulation of the substrate is measured by flow cytometry or fluorescence spectroscopy.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for fumitremorgin C are performed using cancer cell lines that overexpress ABCG2/BCRP. Cells are treated with fumitremorgin C alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that are BCRP substrates (e.g., mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, topotecan). Cell viability is measured using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays to assess the reversal of drug resistance. Intracellular accumulation of fluorescent substrates is measured to confirm inhibition of drug efflux. Apoptosis is evaluated using annexin V staining or caspase activity assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for fumitremorgin C are conducted in xenograft mouse models of multidrug-resistant cancers. Immunocompromised mice are implanted with tumor cells that overexpress BCRP and treated with fumitremorgin C in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that are BCRP substrates. Tumor growth inhibition is monitored, and endpoints include tumor volume, tumor weight, and survival. The compound's ability to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents is assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Fumitremorgin C has a molecular weight of 379.45 and a molecular formula of C22H25N3O3. The compound is soluble in DMSO at concentrations >10 mM. It should be stored at +4°C. The compound is supplied at ≥95% purity. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and bioavailability have not been extensively reported. As a research compound, fumitremorgin C is primarily used in in vitro studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Fumartramokinen C inhibits the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ACBG2), also known as the breast cancer resistance protein. ACBG2 is known to confer multidrug resistance and affect the bioavailability of various drugs. Therefore, fumaromokinen C is often used to enhance the sensitivity of cancer patients to chemotherapy drugs. Tremor-inducing fungal toxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing nerve ending degeneration. They are thought to inhibit presynaptic and postsynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and inhibit neurotransmitter degradation at GABA-T receptors. This initially leads to elevated neurotransmitter levels, enhancing GABA-induced chloride ion currents, and then resulting in decreased neurotransmitter levels at the synapse. (A2974, A2975, A2976, A3027) The toxicological profile of fumitremorgin C has not been extensively characterized. As a mycotoxin, the compound may have potential toxicity at high concentrations. However, at the concentrations used for research purposes, it is generally considered safe. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. No significant toxicity has been reported in the available research literature. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Aspergillus Fumitremorgin C is an organic heteropentacyclic compound belonging to the fungal toxin indole alkaloids produced by various fungi. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of multidrug transporters for breast cancer resistance proteins. It is both a fungal toxin and an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance proteins. It is an indole alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, and an aromatic ether. Aspergillus Fumitremorgin C has been reported to be found in Aspergillus ferruginea, Aspergillus Fumitremorgin, and other organisms with relevant data. Both Aspergillus Fumitremorgin and Neosatolaxii produce aspergillus Fumitremorgin C.
Fumitremorgin C is a mycotoxin and a potent, selective inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). It is widely used as a pharmacological tool to study multidrug resistance mechanisms and to reverse BCRP-mediated drug efflux. The compound increases the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents such as mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and topotecan. Fumitremorgin C is a research compound and is not an approved drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H25N3O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
379.4522
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| Exact Mass |
379.189
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| CAS # |
118974-02-0
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| PubChem CID |
403923
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
642.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
259.5-260.5℃
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| Flash Point |
342.6±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.676
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| LogP |
1.74
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
703
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
CC(=C[C@H]1C2=C(C[C@@H]3N1C(=O)[C@@H]4CCCN4C3=O)C5=C(N2)C=C(C=C5)OC)C
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| InChi Key |
DBEYVIGIPJSTOR-FHWLQOOXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H25N3O3/c1-12(2)9-18-20-15(14-7-6-13(28-3)10-16(14)23-20)11-19-21(26)24-8-4-5-17(24)22(27)25(18)19/h6-7,9-10,17-19,23H,4-5,8,11H2,1-3H3/t17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,12S,15S)-7-methoxy-12-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-10,13,19-triazapentacyclo[11.7.0.03,11.04,9.015,19]icosa-3(11),4(9),5,7-tetraene-14,20-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~131.77 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3 mg/mL (7.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3 mg/mL (7.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6354 mL | 13.1770 mL | 26.3539 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5271 mL | 2.6354 mL | 5.2708 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2635 mL | 1.3177 mL | 2.6354 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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