| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Tissue factor (TF)-mRNA levels did not significantly rise in response to low fructose concentrations. On the other hand, when compared to unstimulated cells, varying fructose doses led to higher TF mRNA levels at 60 minutes. tPA-mRNA levels were significantly reduced in response to an increase in fructose concentration. Reduced levels of fructose-induced TF expression/activity are linked to the considerable prevention of fructose-induced NF-κB activation by SOD [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Fructose can be utilized in animal modeling to create diabetes and high uric acid pre-models. In rodents given no fructose, the portal (0.060 ± 0.006 mM, in all cases) and systemic (0.030 ± 0.003 mM) concentrations were higher than those of the portal venous in the wild-type model given 20% fructose from time (it rose by more than double (~0.13 mM) from t)=0 to t=1 hour after feeding). Similarly, one hour after eating, whole body serum fructose increased from 0.037 at t=0 to 0.13 mM. The 20% group of fasted (t=0) and 0% mice had equal postprandial amounts of serum fructose at the pulse and systemic levels, suggesting that food has no effect on core fructose concentrations during fasting. Under identical diet, period, and sampling location, serum fructose concentrations in KHK-/- mice were 5 to 100 times greater than in wild-type samples. In comparison to mice given 0% fructose, mice fed 20% fructose had mean (all time points) portal venous and systemic arterial concentrations that were ∼3 (P=0.004) and ∼2 (P=0.04) higher, respectively. The whole body fructose concentration in the KHK-/- model fed fructose was almost three times greater than in the KHK-/- model, although it was equivalent in the wild-type model fed fructose [2].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Fructose has twice the concentration of glucose, is infused at the same rate, retains more fluids, and causes less disturbance to body fluid balance. …Fructose's advantage lies in its rapid clearance from extracellular fluid, resulting in minimal urinary excretion. Metabolism/Metabolites In the absence of glucose, fructose is phosphorylated to fructose-6-phosphate by hexokinase in the periphery. Because fructose has a higher Km value than glucose, glucose is preferentially phosphorylated by hexokinase. Enzymes in peripheral tissues. Orally ingested fructose is typically converted to glucose in the intestinal mucosa of many animals (e.g., guinea pigs, hamsters, and dogs). Newborn piglets and calves under one month of age cannot utilize fructose. Animals lacking glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and related enzymes may have difficulty metabolizing fructose. Fructose is metabolized faster than glucose, converting to glycogen more quickly, and this reaction does not require insulin. When injected, blood sugar levels are low and the amount of glucose spilled is small, whereas this does not occur when the same amount of glucose is injected at the same rate. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Interactions
In a controlled study of patients with acute alcohol poisoning, intravenous infusion of high doses of fructose…led to a small but statistically significant increase in the rate of decrease in blood ethanol levels. The usual explanation for this effect of fructose is that… the sugar itself or one of its metabolites enhances the activity of alcohol dehydrogenases. The interaction between cigarette smoke condensate and added fructose may reduce the mutagenicity of cigarette smoke. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
β-D-fructopyranose is a D-fructopyranose with a β-configuration at its terminal carbon atom. It is the enantiomer of β-L-fructopyranose. β-D-fructopyranose has been reported to be found in cornflower (Centaurea jacea) and bracteata, with relevant data available. See also: D-fructose (note moved here).
Therapeutic Uses…It can be used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis…potentially helpful for early treatment of this complication of diabetes. Pharmaceutical (Veterinary): Because it is less likely to exceed the renal threshold, it can be used as a substitute for glucose in parenteral nutrition solutions. Therefore, a 10% fructose solution can replace a 5% glucose solution, providing a higher total calorie content per milliliter, which explains its use in the treatment of hyperacetylemia in adult cattle. Fructose solutions, like glucose solutions, are used to replace or supplement oral food or water to provide metabolically necessary calories, replenish fluids, conserve protein, reduce the production of excess ketones by the liver, and minimize electrolyte loss. A fructose-rich diet is beneficial for dental health and can reduce the incidence of tooth decay by 30%. For more complete data on the therapeutic uses of fructose (6 types), please visit the HSDB record page. Drug Warnings Subcutaneous injection is not recommended because it can cause electrolyte disturbances, which can sometimes be serious. Fructose is non-toxic, but solutions should be infused slowly. It decomposes in alkaline solutions, so no substances that would raise the pH above 7 should be added. Calcium and barium form insoluble complexes with fructose at pH above 7 and are therefore incompatible.Turbid fructose solutions should not be used. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.15588
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| Exact Mass |
180.063
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| CAS # |
7660-25-5
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| PubChem CID |
24310
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
551.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
100 - 110ºC
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| Flash Point |
301.5±26.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.574
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| LogP |
-1.63
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
162
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@](O1)(CO)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
LKDRXBCSQODPBY-ARQDHWQXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-2-6(11)5(10)4(9)3(8)1-12-6/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~555.06 mM)
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~555.06 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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