| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Multiple targets including: inflammatory pathways (Nrf2/HO-1 signaling); TRPV1 channel (antipyretic activity); CB1R (neuroinflammation); antimicrobial targets. Forsythiaside A also inhibits CYP1A2 and CYP2C11 activities without affecting CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2.
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| ln Vitro |
At 30 μM, forsythiaperate A inhibits COX-2 by 72% [2]. Forsythiaperate A (80 μM; 30 min) reduces MAGL expression in organotypic hippocampus ampal slices treated with Aβ25-35 (5 μM; 2 h) to enhance endogenous 2-AG content [2]. In a manner produced by CB1R, forsythiaside A (80 μM; 30 minutes) inhibits Aβ25-35-generated neuronal circuits [2]. In lung epithelial cells, forsythiaside A (2.5–10 μg/mL; 12 h) suppresses the loading of the Nrf2 signal [3].
In vitro, Forsythiaside A has antimicrobial, anticomplementary, anti-inflammatory, and antiendotoxin activities. In terms of antifungal activity, it is active against Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans with MIC above 125 µg/mL, and against Cryptococcus neoformans with a MIC of 31.25 µg/mL. It prevents neuroinflammation and apoptosis caused by Aβ25-35 damage. It inhibits Nrf2 signaling pathway in lung epithelial cells at 2.5-10 µg/mL. It also exerts antipyretic activities through inhibition of TRPV1 channel. |
| ln Vivo |
Oral forsythiaside A (15–60 mg/kg; single dosage) ameliorates OVA-induced asthma model in mice, increases Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in a dose-dependent manner, and reduces lung histopathology generated by OVA [3].
In vivo, Forsythiaside A activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibits OVA-induced asthma in mice. It prevents neuroinflammation and apoptosis and may be used in Alzheimer's disease research. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. Detailed dose-response data in animal models is limited. |
| Enzyme Assay |
No specific cell-free enzyme/receptor binding assay protocol is detailed for Forsythiaside A. For phenylethanoid glycosides, typical cell-free assays include enzyme inhibition studies (e.g., TRPV1 channel inhibition, CYP enzyme activity assays) and receptor binding studies using radioligands for CB1R or other CNS targets.
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| Cell Assay |
Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed in LPS-stimulated macrophages or lung epithelial cells. Cells are treated with serial dilutions of Forsythiaside A (e.g., 2.5-10 µg/mL). Endpoints include cytokine production (ELISA), Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation (Western blot), and cell viability. Antiviral activity is assessed by infecting primary chicken embryo kidney cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of asthma (OVA-induced asthma in mice), Alzheimer's disease (Aβ25-35-induced neuroinflammation), or inflammation. Forsythiaside A is administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Endpoints include inflammatory cytokine levels, histopathology, and behavioral tests.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular weight: 624.59 g/mol; molecular formula: C29H36O15. CAS No.: 79916-77-1. Purity: typically ≥98% for research use. Solubility: ≥62.5 mg/mL in EtOH; ≥13.43 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥16.1 mg/mL in H2O. Storage: -20°C, protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicity data is publicly available. As a natural phenylethanoid glycoside from Forsythia suspensa, it is generally considered to have low toxicity, but standard toxicological studies would be required for drug development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Forsythiaside is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It has been reported to be found in Rehmannia glutinosa, Plantago asiatica, and other organisms with relevant data.
Forsythiaside A is a research-grade compound, not approved for therapeutic use. It is primarily used as a reference standard and for pharmacological research in inflammation, neuroprotection, and infectious diseases. No clinical trials have been reported. Its mechanisms involve Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation, TRPV1 inhibition, and anti-inflammatory effects. |
| Molecular Formula |
C29H36O15
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
624.5872
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| Exact Mass |
624.205
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| CAS # |
79916-77-1
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| PubChem CID |
5281773
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| Appearance |
Off-white to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
911.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
295.7±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.689
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| LogP |
2.12
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
44
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| Complexity |
936
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)/C=C/C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
DTOUWTJYUCZJQD-UJERWXFOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H36O15/c1-13-22(35)23(36)25(38)29(42-13)41-12-20-27(44-21(34)7-4-14-2-5-16(30)18(32)10-14)24(37)26(39)28(43-20)40-9-8-15-3-6-17(31)19(33)11-15/h2-7,10-11,13,20,22-33,35-39H,8-9,12H2,1H3/b7-4+/t13-,20+,22-,23+,24+,25+,26+,27+,28+,29+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~200.13 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~160.11 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6011 mL | 8.0053 mL | 16.0105 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3202 mL | 1.6011 mL | 3.2021 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1601 mL | 0.8005 mL | 1.6011 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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