| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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Purity: =99.92%
Formononetin (Biochanin B; Flavosil; Formononetol), an O-methylated isoflavone, is a naturally occuring and bioactive flavonoid found in the root of Astragalus membranaceus. This phytoestrogen has strong antioxidant qualities and selectively inhibits the γ-isoform of alcohol dehydrogenase, or ADH γ. It has been demonstrated that formononetin interacts weakly with human estrogen receptors. In mice, formononetin also causes the proliferation of the mammary glands..
| Targets |
FGFR2 (IC50 = 4.31 μM)
FGFR2[1] |
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| ln Vitro |
One of the main isoflavone components found in Astragalus membranaceus is formononetin, which has been demonstrated to offer a number of pharmacological advantages. In human air bags, formononetin demonstrates anti-angiogenic activity. In human invoice tents, formononetin also stimulates cell cycle signaling via Akt/cyclin D1/CDK4 [1]. Significant reduction of FGF2-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation is observed with formononetin (25-150 μM) [1].
Hesperidin potently inhibited FGFR2 kinase activity in enzymatic assays, leading to downregulation of downstream signaling pathways (e.g., ERK1/2, AKT). It suppressed proliferation of FGFR2-dependent cancer cell lines (e.g., BaF3-FGFR2) and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Additionally, it inhibited angiogenesis-related processes such as endothelial cell migration and tube formation [1] |
| ln Vivo |
The group treated with formononetin showed a substantial rise in tumor volume and a significant decrease in tumor weight when compared to the vehicle group. There was no discernible weight difference between the excipient group and the formononetin-treated group, and the treatment with formononetin was well tolerated [1].
In xenograft mouse models bearing FGFR2-driven tumors, intraperitoneal administration of Hesperidin significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. It suppressed tumor angiogenesis by decreasing microvessel density and downregulating VEGF expression in tumor tissues. The antitumor effect was associated with inhibition of FGFR2 signaling and induction of apoptosis [1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
FGFR2 kinase inhibition assay [1]
The IC50 values for inhibition of FGFR2 by formononetin was determined using a FRET-based in vitro kinase assay (Z'-lyte assay). The kinase domains of FGFR2 was assayed in 50 mm HEPES pH 7.5, 0.01% BRIJ-35, 10 mm MgCl2, 2 mm MnCl2, 1 mm EGTA, 1 mm DTT, with 20 μm or 80 μm ATP, respectively. The assay was performed in triplicate in 384-well plates according to the manufacturer's instructions FGFR2 kinase assay: Recombinant FGFR2 kinase domain was incubated with ATP and a specific peptide substrate in the presence of increasing concentrations of Hesperidin. Phosphorylation levels were measured using ELISA-based detection kits, and kinase inhibition was calculated [1] |
| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay [1]
Cell Types: HUVEC Tested Concentrations: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 μM Incubation Duration: Experimental Results: Dramatically diminished the proliferation of FGF2-stimulated HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner, while the proliferation of HUVEC not stimulated by FGF2 was Dramatically diminished. Stimulated HUVEC had little inhibitory effect. Proliferation assay: Cancer cells (e.g., BaF3-FGFR2) were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with Hesperidin for 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed using a colorimetric MTT assay, and IC50 values were determined [1] - Cell cycle analysis: Cells treated with Hesperidin were fixed, stained with propidium iodide, and analyzed by flow cytometry to determine cell cycle distribution [1] - Angiogenesis assay: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Hesperidin and subjected to transwell migration and matrigel tube formation assays. Migrated cells and tube structures were quantified microscopically [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: BALB/c nude mice carrying MDA-MB-231 xenografts [1]
Doses: 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: Daily intragastric (po) (po)administration for 25 days Experimental Results: Inhibition of breast cancer growth and blood vessels in vivo generate. Xenograft model: Nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with FGFR2-driven cancer cells. Once tumors reached ~100 mm³, mice were randomized into control and treatment groups. Hesperidin was dissolved in DMSO/PBS (1:9 v/v) and administered intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg daily for 21 days. Tumor volume was measured every 3 days, and mice were sacrificed to harvest tumors for histological and molecular analysis [1] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
The known human metabolites of mangiferin include daidzein and (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxooxacyclohexane-2-carboxylic acid. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Formononetin belongs to the class of 7-hydroxy isoflavones, i.e., 7-hydroxy isoflavones with a methoxy group at the 4' position. It is a phytoestrogen and a plant metabolite. It belongs to both the class of 7-hydroxy isoflavones and the class of 4'-methoxy isoflavones. Its function is related to daidzein. It is the conjugate acid of mangosteen (1-). Mangosteen is being studied in the clinical trial NCT02174666 (Isoflavones for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis). Mangosteen has been reported to be found in black rosewood, licorice and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Astragalus root (part). Red clover flower (part). Hesperidin is a flavonoid naturally found in citrus fruits. Its antitumor activity is attributed to selective inhibition of FGFR2, which is frequently activated in a variety of cancers, such as breast cancer, gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma [1].
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H12O4
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| Molecular Weight |
268.27
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| Exact Mass |
268.073
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 71.64; H, 4.51; O, 23.86
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| CAS # |
485-72-3
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| Related CAS # |
Formononetin-d3-1
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| PubChem CID |
5280378
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
479.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
256-260 °C
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| Flash Point |
183.4±22.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.641
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| Source |
Isoflavones from Astragalus membranaceus
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| LogP |
2.96
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
395
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C([H])=C(C(C2C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C1=2)O[H])=O)C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])OC([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
HKQYGTCOTHHOMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H12O4/c1-19-12-5-2-10(3-6-12)14-9-20-15-8-11(17)4-7-13(15)16(14)18/h2-9,17H,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (9.32 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (9.32 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7276 mL | 18.6379 mL | 37.2759 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7455 mL | 3.7276 mL | 7.4552 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3728 mL | 1.8638 mL | 3.7276 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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