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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a protected dipeptide building block, Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH does not have a direct biological target. Its utility lies in its role as a synthetic intermediate for peptide synthesis and as a scaffold material for 3D cell culture. The Fmoc group protects the N-terminus during peptide synthesis and can be removed under mild basic conditions. The compound's self-assembly properties, driven by the hydrophobic Fmoc group and the hydrophilic dipeptide, enable the formation of hydrogels that can serve as 3D cell culture scaffolds. This makes it a valuable tool for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and studying cell-matrix interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
As a synthetic building block, Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH does not have direct in vitro biological activity. Its value is in peptide synthesis and as a scaffold material for 3D cell culture. The compound's self-assembly properties enable the formation of hydrogels that can support cell growth and differentiation in three dimensions. The compound itself is not tested in biological assays for pharmacological activity but is used as a reagent and scaffold material in cell biology research.
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| ln Vivo |
As a synthetic building block and scaffold material, Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH does not have direct in vivo biological activity. Its value is in peptide synthesis and as a scaffold material for 3D cell culture. The compound is not intended for administration to animals or humans as a therapeutic agent. Its biological relevance is indirect, through the peptides synthesized using it or the 3D cell culture scaffolds formed from it. The compound itself is a chemical reagent used in research and development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable to Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH as it is a synthetic building block and scaffold material with no direct biological activity. The compound is characterized by chemical analysis methods such as HPLC for purity assessment (≥98%), NMR for structural confirmation, and mass spectrometry. Its physicochemical properties, including density (1.3±0.1 g/cm³), boiling point (674.2±45.0 °C), melting point (175-179°C), and logP (3.07), are determined by standard chemical characterization techniques. No enzyme or receptor binding studies have been reported or are relevant for this compound.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell culture experiments with Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH focus on its use as a scaffold material for 3D cell culture. The compound self-assembles into hydrogels in aqueous media, providing a three-dimensional environment for cell growth. Cells are encapsulated in the hydrogel, and cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and morphology are assessed over time. The hydrogel's mechanical properties, porosity, and degradation rate can be tuned by varying the concentration and formulation. These studies are relevant for tissue engineering, stem cell research, and drug screening applications. However, the compound itself is not a pharmacological agent and is not tested for direct biological activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are not applicable to Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH as a therapeutic agent. However, the hydrogels formed from this compound could be implanted in animal models for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies. The hydrogels would serve as scaffolds to support tissue regeneration, deliver cells or growth factors, or provide structural support. Endpoints would include tissue integration, host response, and functional recovery. However, specific in vivo protocols for Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH hydrogels are not extensively documented. Researchers should develop appropriate animal models based on their specific research objectives.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties are not applicable to Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH as a therapeutic agent. The compound is used as a synthetic building block and scaffold material, not as a systemically administered drug. Its physicochemical properties include molecular weight 382.41, molecular formula C21H22N2O5, melting point 175-179°C, and logP 3.07. The compound is a solid powder. Solubility: DMSO ~12.5 mg/mL (~32.69 mM). Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years or 4°C for 2 years; in solvent at -80°C for 6 months or -20°C for 1 month. These properties are relevant for chemical synthesis and hydrogel formation rather than pharmacokinetics.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology data for Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH are limited. The compound is known to cause skin irritation (H315), serious eye irritation (H319), and may cause respiratory irritation (H335). It is not intended for human use, and comprehensive toxicology studies have not been conducted. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions as a chemical reagent. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed, including use of appropriate personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be stored properly and disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations. Researchers should consult the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety information. The compound is for research use only and is not for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH has CAS number 87512-31-0, molecular formula C21H22N2O5, and molecular weight 382.41. It is a self-assembled Fmoc-protected dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine residues. Synonyms: Fmoc-L-Ala-L-Ala-OH, Fmoc-alanyl-alanine. Purity: ≥98%. Appearance: Solid powder. Melting point: 175-179°C. Solubility: DMSO ~12.5 mg/mL (~32.69 mM). Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years, 4°C for 2 years; in solvent at -80°C for 6 months, -20°C for 1 month. Not for human use; for research purposes only. The compound is a valuable building block for peptide synthesis and a scaffold material for 3D cell culture.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H22N2O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
382.4098
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| Exact Mass |
382.152
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| CAS # |
87512-31-0
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| PubChem CID |
7019063
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
674.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
175-179°C
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| Flash Point |
361.6±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.595
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| LogP |
3.07
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
573
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)OCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C13
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| InChi Key |
VXGGBPQPMISJCA-STQMWFEESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22N2O5/c1-12(19(24)22-13(2)20(25)26)23-21(27)28-11-18-16-9-5-3-7-14(16)15-8-4-6-10-17(15)18/h3-10,12-13,18H,11H2,1-2H3,(H,22,24)(H,23,27)(H,25,26)/t12-,13-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl]amino]propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~12.5 mg/mL (~32.69 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6150 mL | 13.0750 mL | 26.1499 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5230 mL | 2.6150 mL | 5.2300 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2615 mL | 1.3075 mL | 2.6150 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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