| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Felbinac's primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2. It acts as a competitive inhibitor, with IC50 values of 865.68 nM for COX-1 and 976 nM for COX-2. By binding to the active site of these enzymes, Felbinac prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2, the precursor of various prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This leads to a reduction in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are key mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever. Additionally, Felbinac interacts with the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and has been shown to activate intracellular cAMP concentrations by targeting the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Felbinac exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity through COX inhibition. It reduces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in various cell lines, with an IC50 of 865.68 nM for COX-1 and 976 nM for COX-2. Felbinac also shows antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), with an IC50 of 0.238 μM in Vero CLL-81 cells, and a CC50 of 525 μM, resulting in a selectivity index (SI) of 2205. This indicates a favorable therapeutic window for its antiviral effects. Additionally, it demonstrates dual cytoprotective action in a cell model of Huntington's disease and inhibitory activity against human alpha-glucosidase.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have evaluated the pharmacological effects of Felbinac in animal models. When administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg in mice, Felbinac did not induce convulsions and showed no significant effects on fatty acid or glucose metabolism. As a topical NSAID, Felbinac is well-absorbed through the skin and provides localized anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in animal models of inflammation. Its efficacy in reducing edema and pain responses has been demonstrated in standard rodent models of carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing. These studies support its use as a topical agent for the management of localized musculoskeletal pain and inflammation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular enzyme inhibition activity of Felbinac can be assessed using purified COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes in a cell-free assay system. In a typical protocol, the COX enzymes are incubated with arachidonic acid substrate and varying concentrations of Felbinac. The reaction is initiated by the addition of arachidonic acid, and the production of prostaglandin H2 or its stable breakdown product PGE2 is measured using an ELISA or colorimetric detection method. The IC50 values are determined by plotting enzyme activity against the logarithm of Felbinac concentration. This cell-free assay allows for the direct assessment of the compound's inhibitory potency against each COX isoform without interference from cellular uptake or metabolism.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Felbinac typically employ Vero CLL-81 cells or other relevant mammalian cell lines to evaluate its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. For antiviral studies, cells are infected with CHIKV and treated with varying concentrations of Felbinac (e.g., 1.56 and 3.125 μM) for 24 hours. Viral replication is quantified by measuring the viral RNA load or plaque-forming units, and the IC50 is calculated. Cytotoxicity is assessed in parallel using MTT or similar assays to determine the CC50 and selectivity index. For anti-inflammatory assays, cells are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other inflammatory mediators, and prostaglandin production is measured in the presence of Felbinac to evaluate COX inhibition.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Felbinac typically involve rodent models of inflammation and pain. In a standard protocol, mice are administered Felbinac at a dose of 50 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection. The animals are then monitored for behavioral changes, convulsive activity, and metabolic parameters. In models of topical application, Felbinac is applied to the skin of rats or mice with induced local inflammation (e.g., carnitine-induced paw edema), and the reduction in paw swelling is measured over time. Analgesic efficacy is assessed using the tail-flick test or hot plate test. These experiments help establish the compound's anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile in vivo.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Felbinac is a metabolite of fenbufen and exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties as a topical NSAID. When applied topically, Felbinac is absorbed through the skin and reaches the underlying tissues, providing localized drug concentrations sufficient for anti-inflammatory effects while minimizing systemic exposure. Its systemic bioavailability is low, which reduces the risk of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects commonly associated with oral NSAIDs. Felbinac is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily via the kidneys. The compound's protein-binding properties and half-life support its use in once- or twice-daily dosing regimens for topical applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Felbinac is consistent with that of other NSAIDs. Common adverse effects associated with topical use include local skin reactions such as redness, itching, and rash at the application site. Systemic side effects are rare due to the low systemic absorption but may include gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and dizziness with prolonged use on large areas. Felbinac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, as well as those with a history of aspirin-induced asthma. Long-term safety data from clinical use support its continued use as a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid in which one α-hydrogen atom is replaced by a biphenyl-4-yl group. It is the active metabolite of fenbufen, used topically to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It belongs to the biphenyl class of compounds and is a monocarboxylic acid. It contains a biphenyl-4-yl group. Functionally, it is related to acetic acid.
Felbinac (4-biphenylacetic acid) is a well-established topical NSAID used for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal conditions such as sprains, strains, and osteoarthritis. It is the active metabolite of the orally administered prodrug fenbufen. The compound has also demonstrated antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus, expanding its potential therapeutic applications beyond inflammation. In addition to its COX inhibitory activity, Felbinac has been shown to interact with GABA receptors and the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor, indicating possible broader pharmacological effects. It is available in various topical formulations, including gels and creams, and is widely used in clinical practice. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H12O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
212.24
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| Exact Mass |
212.083
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| CAS # |
5728-52-9
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| PubChem CID |
3332
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
389.8±21.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
159-160 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
286.6±17.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.596
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| LogP |
3.26
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
223
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
QRZAKQDHEVVFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H12O2/c15-14(16)10-11-6-8-13(9-7-11)12-4-2-1-3-5-12/h1-9H,10H2,(H,15,16)
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| Chemical Name |
2-(4-phenylphenyl)acetic acid
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| Synonyms |
Felbinacum; CL 83,544; Felbinac
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~471.16 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (11.78 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (11.78 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 2.5 mg/mL (11.78 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7116 mL | 23.5582 mL | 47.1165 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9423 mL | 4.7116 mL | 9.4233 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4712 mL | 2.3558 mL | 4.7116 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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