| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Exalamide targets fungal growth through the inhibition of specific enzymes involved in cellular processes, particularly the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. As a salicylamide-derived benzamide, it disrupts fungal cell membrane integrity. The compound is a non-azole antifungal with a distinct benzamide scaffold that supports mechanism-of-action and resistance-overcoming SAR studies. Its antifungal activity is documented to have lower potency versus imidazoles, making it an ideal negative control or baseline reference for dermatophyte assays.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Exalamide demonstrates antifungal activity against dermatophytes. The compound shows documented lower potency versus imidazoles such as clotrimazole, miconazole, and econazole, enabling reproducible assay dynamic range calibration. It serves as a low-potency reference compound for dermatophyte susceptibility testing. Exalamide's distinct benzamide scaffold (non-azole) supports mechanism-of-action and resistance-overcoming SAR studies. The compound has been used as a historical benchmark for longitudinal dermatophyte susceptibility trend analyses.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Exalamide was developed and launched in Japan as a topical antifungal agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis. It was previously used as a topical antifungal agent. The compound is effective against tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris. Its antifungal activity is attributed to disruption of fungal cell membrane integrity via inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Exalamide is a synthetic antifungal and antimicrobial agent used as a topical formulation. Further in vivo studies have evaluated its efficacy in treating dermatophyte infections.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Exalamide antifungal susceptibility assays involve determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against dermatophytes such as Trichophyton species. Dermatophytes are cultured in appropriate media and treated with Exalamide at varying concentrations. Fungal growth is monitored by optical density measurements or colony counting. MIC values are determined using standard broth microdilution methods. The compound serves as a low-potency reference for dermatophyte susceptibility testing. Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition assays may be performed to confirm mechanism of action. Assays are performed with appropriate positive controls such as clotrimazole, miconazole, and econazole.
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| Cell Assay |
Exalamide cell-based assays are conducted in dermatophyte cultures and mammalian cell lines. Dermatophytes are cultured in appropriate media and treated with Exalamide at varying concentrations. Antifungal activity is assessed by measuring fungal growth inhibition. For selectivity studies, mammalian cell lines may be used to assess cytotoxicity. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. The compound's distinct benzamide scaffold supports SAR studies. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive (e.g., clotrimazole) and negative (vehicle) controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
Exalamide in vivo studies are conducted in animal models of dermatophytosis. Animals are infected with dermatophytes and treated with Exalamide via topical application. Infection progression is monitored by assessing clinical signs and fungal burden on skin. The compound was developed as a topical antifungal agent for the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris. Dosing regimens are optimized based on pharmacokinetic data. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Skin samples are collected for histopathological and microbiological analysis at study endpoints. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Exalamide (MW 221.29 g/mol, C13H19NO2) is a small molecule benzamide derivative. It is a synthetic aromatic ether belonging to the benzamide class. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. Exalamide is a salicylamide-derived benzamide and serves as a historical antifungal reference. Pharmacokinetic properties such as topical absorption, half-life, and tissue distribution would be determined in species-specific studies. The compound is applied topically in research settings.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Exalamide is generally well-tolerated as a topical antifungal agent. The compound was developed and launched in Japan as a topical agent for dermatophytosis treatment. Its safety profile has been established through clinical use. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation is available from clinical use data.
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| Additional Infomation |
Exalamide is a benzamide compound, formed by converting the phenolic hydroxyl group of salicylamide into the corresponding hexyl ether. It was previously used as a topical antifungal agent. It possesses antifungal activity. It is an aromatic ether belonging to the benzamide class. Functionally, it is related to salicylamide. Exalamide is a synthetic antifungal and antimicrobial agent used as a topical formulation.
Exalamide is a synthetic aromatic ether and benzamide derivative developed in Japan as a topical antifungal agent for dermatophytosis including tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris. Its antifungal activity involves disruption of fungal cell membrane integrity via inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Exalamide serves as a low-potency reference compound for dermatophyte susceptibility testing and supports SAR studies with its distinct non-azole benzamide scaffold. All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H19NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
221.29546
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| Exact Mass |
221.142
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| CAS # |
53370-90-4
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| PubChem CID |
3316
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.03 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
356.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
72-74ºC
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| Flash Point |
149.1ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.517
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| LogP |
3.444
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
206
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(N)C1=CC=CC=C1OCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
CKSJXOVLXUMMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H19NO2/c1-2-3-4-7-10-16-12-9-6-5-8-11(12)13(14)15/h5-6,8-9H,2-4,7,10H2,1H3,(H2,14,15)
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| Chemical Name |
2-hexoxybenzamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~451.88 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5188 mL | 22.5938 mL | 45.1875 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9038 mL | 4.5188 mL | 9.0375 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4519 mL | 2.2594 mL | 4.5188 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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