| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Etofylline's mechanism of action is multifaceted. It acts as a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, preventing the degradation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). This leads to smooth muscle relaxation. It also functions as an adenosine receptor antagonist, preventing adenosine's bronchoconstrictive and pro-inflammatory effects.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, etofylline demonstrates bronchodilatory activity in guinea pig trachea with 40% activity at 30 μg/ml. It also exhibits inhibition of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters, with 64.41% and 86.25% inhibition, respectively. Its activity as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine antagonist has been characterized in various in vitro assays.
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| ln Vivo |
Etofylline is used in vivo as an oral bronchodilator. It relieves bronchoconstriction by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle and reducing inflammatory responses, thereby improving respiratory function. It is used in the treatment of asthma and other obstructive airway diseases.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for etofylline involve assessing its inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity using purified PDE enzyme preparations. The enzyme is incubated with a substrate (e.g., cAMP or cGMP) in the presence of varying concentrations of etofylline, and the rate of substrate hydrolysis is measured. IC₅₀ values for PDE inhibition are determined.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for etofylline involve treating smooth muscle cells or other cell types with the compound and measuring cAMP levels. Cells are treated with etofylline, and intracellular cAMP is measured by ELISA or radioimmunoassay. The compound's effect on bronchial smooth muscle contraction can be assessed using isolated tissue preparations in organ baths.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with etofylline are conducted in animal models of bronchoconstriction. Guinea pigs or rats are exposed to bronchoconstrictive agents (e.g., histamine, methacholine) and treated with etofylline. The compound's ability to reverse bronchoconstriction is assessed by measuring airway resistance or lung function parameters.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Etofylline has a molecular weight of 224.22 and a molecular formula of C₉H₁₂N₄O₃. It is a white crystalline powder with a purity of ≥98%. The compound is soluble in water and is typically stored at room temperature in a dry, dark place. It is well absorbed after oral administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Etofylline is generally well-tolerated. Compared to theophylline, it is associated with improved water solubility and a more favorable tolerability profile. Side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and tachycardia. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| Additional Infomation |
7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione is an oxopurine.
Etofylline (CAS 519-37-9) is a theophylline derivative with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, leading to smooth muscle relaxation. It is used as an oral bronchodilator and serves as a research tool for studying phosphodiesterase and adenosine receptor pharmacology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H12N4O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
224.22
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| Exact Mass |
224.091
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| CAS # |
519-37-9
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| PubChem CID |
1892
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.51g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
495.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
163°C
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| Flash Point |
253.5ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.683
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| LogP |
-1.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
322
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O=C(N1C)N(C)C2=C(N(CCO)C=N2)C1=O
|
| InChi Key |
NWPRCRWQMGIBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H12N4O3/c1-11-7-6(8(15)12(2)9(11)16)13(3-4-14)5-10-7/h5,14H,3-4H2,1-2H3
|
| Chemical Name |
7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione
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| Synonyms |
Dilaphyllin; Oxyphylline; Etofylline
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~223.00 mM)
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~111.50 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.15 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.15 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.15 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 50 mg/mL (223.00 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4599 mL | 22.2995 mL | 44.5991 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8920 mL | 4.4599 mL | 8.9198 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4460 mL | 2.2300 mL | 4.4599 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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