| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Etofenamate primarily targets cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), preventing prostaglandin synthesis. It also inhibits lipoxygenase and has been shown to inhibit leukotriene B4 biosynthesis. Etofenamate inhibits histamine release, antagonizes bradykinin and serotonin, and inhibits complement activity and hyaluronidase release. It acts on various stages of the inflammatory process.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Etofenamate inhibits lipoxygenase from guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes with an IC50 of 5.3 × 10⁻⁵ M. It inhibits leukotriene B4 biosynthesis with an IC50 of 1.2 × 10⁵ M and PGE2 release from macrophages with an IC50 of 2.8 × 10⁷ M. Maximal plasma concentrations after topical administration are well below IC50 values for COX-1 and COX-2, explaining the absence of dose-dependent toxicities.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Etofenamate (40 mg/kg per day for 21 days) inhibits inflammation in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. It decreases pain response in a silver nitrate-induced rat model of arthritis and the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, indicating analgesic activity. As a topical NSAID, it is used for joint and muscular pain relief.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of Etofenamate is assessed using cell-free enzyme inhibition assays. For COX inhibition, the enzyme is incubated with arachidonic acid substrate and varying concentrations of Etofenamate, and prostaglandin production is measured by ELISA or radioimmunoassay. For lipoxygenase inhibition, the enzyme from guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes is incubated with arachidonic acid, and the formation of lipoxygenase products is measured spectrophotometrically. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, polymorphonuclear leukocytes or macrophages are used. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with various concentrations of Etofenamate (typically 1-100 μM) for 1-24 hours. Leukotriene B4 and PGE2 production is measured by ELISA. For anti-inflammatory studies, cells are stimulated with inflammatory stimuli (e.g., LPS) in the presence of Etofenamate, and cytokine production is measured. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays to ensure observed effects are not due to cytotoxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, Etofenamate is typically administered topically or orally to animal models. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, Etofenamate is administered at 40 mg/kg per day for 21 days, and paw swelling is measured. In the silver nitrate-induced arthritis model, pain response is assessed. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, the number of writhes is counted to assess analgesic activity. In pharmacokinetic studies, plasma concentrations are measured by HPLC or LC-MS/MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Etofenamate has a molecular weight of 369.33 g/mol and a density of 1.317 g/cm³. It has a boiling point of 451.1°C at 760 mmHg. The compound is used topically as a transdermal formulation. Maximal plasma concentrations after topical administration are low, well below IC50 values for COX-1 and COX-2, explaining the favorable safety profile. Relative bioavailability compared to intramuscular application is low.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Etofenamate is generally well-tolerated as a topical NSAID. The maximal plasma concentrations after topical administration are well below the IC50 values for COX-1 and COX-2, explaining the absence of dose-dependent toxicities. Common side effects may include local skin reactions at the application site. Systemic toxicity is minimal due to low systemic absorption. The compound should be used with caution in patients with NSAID hypersensitivity.
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| References |
Peraman R, Bhadraya K, Reddy YP, Reddy CS, Lokesh T. Analytical Quality by Design Approach in RP-HPLC Method Development for the Assay of Etofenamate in Dosage Forms. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2015 Nov-Dec;77(6):751-7. PubMed PMID: 26997704; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4778236.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline]benzoic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl ester is a benzoic acid ester. Etofenadine is used to treat muscle and joint pain. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Etofenamate is a clinically approved topical NSAID used for the treatment of joint and muscular pain, osteoarthritis, and sports injuries. It is available in various topical formulations including gels, creams, and sprays. As a non-selective COX inhibitor, it provides analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Its additional inhibition of lipoxygenase and other inflammatory mediators may contribute to its efficacy. Etofenamate is available as a generic medication in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H18F3NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
369.3402
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| Exact Mass |
369.118
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| CAS # |
30544-47-9
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| Related CAS # |
Etofenamate-d4;1329837-73-1
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| PubChem CID |
35375
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow ointment
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
451.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
25°C
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| Flash Point |
226.6±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.552
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| LogP |
4.14
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
433
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(OCCOCCO)C1=CC=CC=C1NC2=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C2
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| InChi Key |
XILVEPYQJIOVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H18F3NO4/c19-18(20,21)13-4-3-5-14(12-13)22-16-7-2-1-6-15(16)17(24)26-11-10-25-9-8-23/h1-7,12,22-23H,8-11H2
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| Chemical Name |
2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl 2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)benzoate
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| Synonyms |
TVX485 TVX-485 TVX 485 WHR-5020 WHR 5020 WHR5020 Etofenamate Bay d 1107 Bayrogel Rheumon.
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol : ~120 mg/mL (~324.90 mM)
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~135.38 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7075 mL | 13.5377 mL | 27.0753 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5415 mL | 2.7075 mL | 5.4151 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2708 mL | 1.3538 mL | 2.7075 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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