| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Esonarimod's mechanism of action involves the suppression of lymphocyte activating factor activity or biosynthesis. It inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators, including NO, in a dose-dependent manner. Esonarimod may also inhibit IRAK4, reducing the production of inflammatory factors and thereby alleviating symptoms of inflammatory diseases.
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| ln Vitro |
In a dose-dependent manner, esonarimod (KE-298) (10 to 300 μg/mL) suppresses NO generation in RAW264.7 cells. Esonarimod has an IC50 of 117.5 μg/mL. Cell viability remained unaffected by exonamod at the studied dosages. Exonamod does not directly affect NOS activity in RAW264.7 cell-free extracts [1].
In vitro, esonarimod (10 to 300 µg/mL) suppresses NO generation in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 117.5 µg/mL. The compound suppresses lymphocyte activating factor activity or biosynthesis. Its immunomodulatory activity has been characterized in various cell-based assays. |
| ln Vivo |
Following several oral doses of Esonarimod (14C-KE-298), there was a quick drop in radioactivity and no discernible accumulation trend [2].
In vivo, esonarimod is an antirheumatic agent designed to alleviate symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties similar in humans and rats, meaning it can be used as a model for predicting the pharmacokinetics of drug candidates in humans. The compound binds to human serum albumin and is metabolized by esterases. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for esonarimod are not standard, as it is an immunomodulator. Its inhibition of IRAK4 activity can be assessed using purified IRAK4 enzyme in a kinase assay. The enzyme is incubated with a peptide substrate and ATP in the presence of varying concentrations of esonarimod, and the phosphorylation of the substrate is measured. Its binding to human serum albumin can be assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or equilibrium dialysis.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for esonarimod involve treating RAW264.7 macrophage cells with the compound and measuring NO production. Cells are stimulated with LPS in the presence of varying concentrations of esonarimod (10-300 µg/mL), and NO levels in the culture medium are measured using the Griess reagent. IC₅₀ values for inhibition of NO production are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with esonarimod are conducted in rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis is induced using collagen or adjuvant, and rats are treated with esonarimod via oral administration. Disease severity is assessed by measuring paw swelling, clinical scores, and histological analysis of joints. The compound's effects on inflammatory cytokine levels and immune cell infiltration are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Esonarimod has a molecular weight of 280.34 and a molecular formula of C₁₄H₁₆O₄S. It is a solid powder with a purity of ≥98%. The compound is typically stored at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. The compound is stable under recommended storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Esonarimod is a research compound for laboratory use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. In preclinical studies, it has been generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used.
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| References |
[1]. Inoue T, et al. KE-298 and its active metabolite KE-758 suppress nitric oxide production by murine macrophage cells and peritoneal cells from rats with adjuvant induced arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001 Jun;28(6):1229-37.
[2]. Hasegawa M, et al. Formation of a disulfide protein conjugate of the SH-group-containing metabolite (M-I) ofesonarimod (KE-298) and its elimination in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;54(4):493-8 |
| Additional Infomation |
Esonarimod is an aromatic ketone.
Esonarimod (KE-298; CAS 101973-77-7) is a synthetic phenylpropionate derivative and small-molecule immunomodulator developed as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. It suppresses NO production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC₅₀ of 117.5 µg/mL. Esonarimod suppresses lymphocyte activating factor activity and is used as a research tool for studying rheumatoid arthritis. The compound is available from various commercial suppliers for research applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H16O4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
280.34
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| Exact Mass |
280.077
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 59.98; H, 5.75; O, 22.83; S, 11.44
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| CAS # |
101973-77-7
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| PubChem CID |
127998
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Density |
1.241g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
477.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
242.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
6.18E-10mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.567
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| LogP |
2.548
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
345
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC=C(C(CC(CSC(C)=O)C(O)=O)=O)C=C1
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| InChi Key |
YRSSFEUQNAXQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H16O4S/c1-9-3-5-11(6-4-9)13(16)7-12(14(17)18)8-19-10(2)15/h3-6,12H,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18)
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| Chemical Name |
Benzenebutanoic acid, alpha-((acetylthio)methyl)-4-methyl-gamma-oxo-
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| Synonyms |
Esonarimod KE-298 KE298 KE 298 Related CAS#
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~356.71 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5671 mL | 17.8355 mL | 35.6710 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7134 mL | 3.5671 mL | 7.1342 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3567 mL | 1.7835 mL | 3.5671 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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