| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| 25g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Erythrosine sodium does not have a specific molecular target like an enzyme or receptor. Its primary mechanism of action is related to its physicochemical properties as a dye and photosensitizer. As a photosensitizer, erythrosine sodium can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to light, which can lead to cell damage and death. This property makes it useful in photodynamic therapy research. Additionally, as an iodine-containing compound, it can affect thyroid function by inhibiting iodide uptake and thyroid peroxidase activity.
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| ln Vitro |
The only concentrations of erythrosine B that differed substantially from the carrier cosmetic (p<0.05) were the two highest tested concentrations (50.0 and 70.0 μg/mL), when measuring tail shock and tail intensity, which indicate the degree of DNA damage. In comparison to the vehicle control group, the frequency of six micronuclei (MNi) increased across seven erythrosine B concentrations (0.2 to 70.0 μg/mL) [1].
In vitro, erythrosine sodium exhibits photosensitizing activity and can induce cell death in various cell lines upon light activation. It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation, leading to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The compound has been studied for its potential use in photodynamic therapy of cancer and microbial infections. In addition, erythrosine sodium has been shown to inhibit thyroid peroxidase activity and iodide uptake in thyroid cells, consistent with its iodine content. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, erythrosine sodium is used as a food colorant and pharmaceutical excipient. Its effects on thyroid function have been studied in animal models, where high doses have been shown to cause thyroid hyperplasia and hypothyroidism due to its iodine content. The compound has also been evaluated in photodynamic therapy studies in animal models of cancer, where light-activated erythrosine sodium demonstrated antitumor effects. However, its primary use remains as a coloring agent rather than a therapeutic compound.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Erythrosine sodium does not have specific enzyme/receptor binding assays. Its activity as a photosensitizer can be assessed by measuring ROS production upon light irradiation using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. Its ability to inhibit thyroid peroxidase can be evaluated using enzyme activity assays measuring the iodination of tyrosine residues. Binding studies to thyroglobulin or other thyroid-related proteins may also be conducted.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for erythrosine sodium typically involve treating cells with the compound and exposing them to light to evaluate phototoxicity. Cell viability is assessed using MTT, XTT, or other cell viability assays. ROS production can be measured using fluorescent probes. The compound's effects on thyroid cells can be evaluated by measuring iodide uptake and thyroid peroxidase activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal model protocols for erythrosine sodium depend on the research application. For photodynamic therapy studies, the compound is administered (topically, intratumorally, or systemically) followed by light irradiation of the target tissue. Tumor growth inhibition or microbial killing is then assessed. For thyroid function studies, the compound is administered orally or by injection, and thyroid hormone levels, thyroid histology, and iodide uptake are evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Erythrosine sodium is a water-soluble compound that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. When ingested, the majority of the compound is excreted unchanged in the feces, with only a small fraction being absorbed. The absorbed fraction is primarily excreted in the bile and urine. The compound's pharmacokinetics are influenced by its high molecular weight and ionic nature. As a food colorant, its systemic exposure is minimal.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of erythrosine sodium has been extensively studied due to its widespread use as a food additive. The compound is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at approved levels. However, high doses have been shown to cause thyroid effects due to its iodine content, including thyroid hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, and potential goitrogenic effects. Other adverse effects may include hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Tetraiodofluorescein is a compound used as a red coloring agent in certain foods (such as cherries and fish), a dental plaque developer, and a staining agent for certain cells. Its structure is similar to that of thyroxine.
Erythrosine sodium (close form, CAS# 16423-68-0) is a synthetic cherry-pink xanthene dye, also known as FD&C Red No. 3. It is widely used as a food colorant, pharmaceutical coloring agent, and biological stain. In research, it is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy and as a tool to study thyroid function due to its iodine content. It is a water-soluble compound that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The compound is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at approved levels. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H6I4NA2O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
879.86
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| Exact Mass |
879.618
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| CAS # |
16423-68-0
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| Related CAS # |
15905-32-5 (parent cpd)
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| PubChem CID |
12961638
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| Appearance |
Pink to red solid powder
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| Density |
0.98
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| Boiling Point |
693.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
303 °C
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| Flash Point |
373ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
2.22E-16mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
6.96
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
645
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)OC23C4=CC(=C(C(=C4OC5=C(C(=C(C=C35)I)O)I)I)O)I
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| InChi Key |
RAGZEDHHTPQLAI-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H8I4O5.2Na/c21-11-5-9-17(13(23)15(11)25)28-18-10(6-12(22)16(26)14(18)24)20(9)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)19(27)29-20;;/h1-6,25-26H;;/q;2*+1/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diolate
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| Synonyms |
CI-45430 CI45430 CI 45430 Erythrosine sodium (close form)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL (~37.88 mM)
DMSO : ~33.33 mg/mL (~37.88 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 33.33 mg/mL (37.88 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1365 mL | 5.6827 mL | 11.3654 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2273 mL | 1.1365 mL | 2.2731 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1137 mL | 0.5683 mL | 1.1365 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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