| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
EPPS's primary mechanism of action in biological systems is related to its ability to interact with and reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease pathology. By reducing the formation of neurotoxic Aβ aggregates, EPPS helps to mitigate the associated memory deficits and cognitive decline observed in disease models. As a buffer, its main target is the pH environment of biological systems, stabilizing pH levels without significantly affecting the ionic strength of the solution.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, EPPS has been shown to reduce Aβ aggregation in cell-free and cell-based assays. Its ability to inhibit the formation of Aβ fibrils and oligomers can be assessed using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays, where the compound is incubated with Aβ peptides and the fluorescence intensity is measured over time. EPPS's effect on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity can be evaluated in neuronal cell cultures, where cell viability is measured using MTT or LDH release assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, EPPS has demonstrated significant efficacy in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Oral administration of EPPS reduces Aβ aggregation-induced memory deficits and rescues cognitive deficits in mice. The compound's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier allows it to directly act on Aβ aggregates in the brain. These findings suggest that EPPS has potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, although it is primarily used as a research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for EPPS are not standard, as it is primarily a buffer. Its ability to reduce Aβ aggregation can be assessed in cell-free systems using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays. Synthetic Aβ peptides are incubated with varying concentrations of EPPS, and the formation of amyloid fibrils is monitored by measuring ThT fluorescence over time. The compound's effect on Aβ fibril formation can also be assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for EPPS involve treating neuronal cell lines (e.g., SH-SY5Y, PC12) or primary neurons with amyloid-β peptides in the presence of varying concentrations of EPPS. Cell viability is measured using MTT or CellTiter-Glo® assays to assess the compound's protective effect against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. The formation of Aβ aggregates in the cell culture medium can be assessed by ELISA or Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with EPPS are conducted in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (e.g., APP/PS1 mice). Mice are treated with EPPS via oral administration, and cognitive function is assessed using behavioral tests such as the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. Aβ plaque load in the brain is measured by immunohistochemistry or ELISA. The compound's ability to reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress is assessed by measuring cytokine levels and oxidative stress markers in brain tissue.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
EPPS has a molecular weight of 252.33 and a molecular formula of C₉H₂₀N₂O₄S. It is a white to off-white solid powder with a melting point of 237-239°C. The compound is highly soluble in water (up to ~250 mg/mL). EPPS is typically stored as a powder at -20°C for long-term storage (3 years) or at 4°C for short-term storage (2 years). The compound is stable under recommended storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
EPPS is generally considered to have low toxicity at the concentrations used as a buffer. As a research compound, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use and is for research purposes only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
HEPPS is an N-(sulfoalkyl)piperazine and an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine.
EPPS (HEPPS; CAS 16052-06-5) is a zwitterionic Good's buffer with a pKa of 8.0, providing effective buffering in the pH range of 7.3-8.7. Beyond its use as a buffer, EPPS has demonstrated the ability to reduce Aβ aggregation-induced memory deficits and rescue cognitive deficits in mouse models. It is orally active and can cross the blood-brain barrier, making it a valuable research tool for Alzheimer's disease studies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H20N2O4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
252.3311
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| Exact Mass |
252.114
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| CAS # |
16052-06-5
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| PubChem CID |
85255
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
237-239 °C(lit.)
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.537
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| LogP |
-2.46
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
280
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
OWXMKDGYPWMGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H20N2O4S/c12-8-7-11-5-3-10(4-6-11)2-1-9-16(13,14)15/h12H,1-9H2,(H,13,14,15)
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| Chemical Name |
3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~990.77 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (396.31 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9631 mL | 19.8153 mL | 39.6306 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7926 mL | 3.9631 mL | 7.9261 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3963 mL | 1.9815 mL | 3.9631 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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