| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Enilconazole targets fungal sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), an enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. By inhibiting CYP51, enilconazole disrupts the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of toxic sterol intermediates and depletion of ergosterol, resulting in compromised cell membrane integrity and fungal cell death. The compound's mechanism is characteristic of imidazole and triazole antifungal agents.
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| ln Vitro |
IL-17 mRNA is strongly inhibited by Enilconodium (Enilconodium; 3, 10, 30 μM; lasting 6 hours)[1]. Imazalil (1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μM; during 24 hours) was only tested by RT-PCR in HepG2 cells that expressed mPXR [1].
In vitro, enilconazole inhibits the growth of various fungi, including Penicillium italicum, Aspergillus niger, Ustilago maydis, Botrytis alii, and other fungal pathogens. The compound's antifungal activity is assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against a range of fungal species. It demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against plant pathogenic fungi. The fungicidal activity is concentration-dependent, with effective inhibition observed at low micromolar concentrations in standard agar diffusion or broth dilution assays. |
| ln Vivo |
In a dose-dependent way, imazalil (enniconazole; 25–100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally raises cardiac Cyp3a11 mRNA levels considerably [2]. In comparison to monotherapy, the number of Ki-67 positive nuclei and Mcm2 mRNA levels were considerably raised when Imazalil (75 mg/kg; i.p.; twice; one daily) was supplemented with TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg). Imazalil can hasten the growth of liver cancer cells that are induced by TCPOBOP therapy [2]. Male C57BL/6 mice are given imazalil (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 mg/kg; rural; for 15 weeks) which promotes oxidation of Manhattan and bile acid activity [3].
In vivo, enilconazole is effective as a systemic fungicide for the control of fungal diseases in crops and post-harvest treatment of fruits. It is used to control a wide range of fungi on fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals, including powdery mildew on cucumber and black spot on roses. The compound is applied as a foliar spray, dip treatment, or drench. In veterinary medicine, it is used as a disinfectant and antifungal treatment for animals. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for enilconazole measure its inhibition of fungal cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51) activity. The enzyme is obtained from fungal microsomal preparations and incubated with its substrate (lanosterol or obtusifoliol) in the presence of NADPH and varying concentrations of the compound. The production of ergosterol or the accumulation of 14α-methylated sterols is quantified by HPLC or GC-MS. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Binding affinity to CYP51 can be assessed using spectroscopic methods.
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| Cell Assay |
RT-PCR[1]
Cell Types: EL4 cells Tested Concentrations: 3, 10, 30 μM Incubation Duration: 6 h Experimental Results: Dramatically suppressed IL-17 mRNAs. In vitro cell-based assays for enilconazole use fungal cultures, including plant pathogenic fungi such as Penicillium italicum and Botrytis cinerea. Fungal spores or mycelia are inoculated into liquid or solid media containing serial dilutions of the compound. Antifungal activity is assessed by measuring inhibition of mycelial growth (for agar-based assays) or by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations using broth microdilution methods. Fungicidal activity is evaluated by subculturing onto drug-free media to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: IMZ male C57BL/6N mice [2]
Doses: 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; single dose Experimental Results: Dramatically increased liver Cyp3a11 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo plant assays for enilconazole involve the treatment of infected crops or post-harvest fruits. The compound is applied as a foliar spray, dip, or drench at various concentrations. Efficacy is evaluated by assessing disease severity, measuring lesion size, or counting fungal colonies on treated versus untreated tissues. For post-harvest applications, fruits are inoculated with fungal pathogens, treated with enilconazole, and monitored for decay development during storage. Dose-response relationships and ED50 values are established from these studies. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Enilconazole is orally bioavailable and is absorbed following oral administration. It distributes into tissues and reaches therapeutic concentrations in target organs. The compound is metabolized in the liver, with metabolites excreted via urine and feces. In agricultural applications, the compound's residue persistence on treated crops is monitored to ensure compliance with maximum residue limits. Environmental fate studies assess its degradation in soil and water.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Enilconazole has a favorable toxicological profile for agricultural use, with low acute toxicity to mammals. However, it is classified as hazardous to aquatic organisms and may have endocrine-disrupting effects. Occupational exposure may cause skin and eye irritation. The compound is also known to activate mPXR in mouse livers. Chronic toxicity studies in animals have been conducted to establish acceptable daily intake levels and safety margins for human consumption of treated produce.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), imidazolid may be carcinogenic. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazolium belongs to the imidazolium class of compounds, where the hydrogen at the 1-position is replaced by 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl. It belongs to the imidazolium, ether, and dichlorobenzene classes of compounds. Eniconazole has been reported to be present in Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom), and relevant data are available. Eniconazole (synonyms: imidazolid, clomiphene) is a widely used fungicide in agriculture, especially in the cultivation of citrus fruits. Trade names include Freshgard, Fungaflor, and Nuzone. See also: imidazolid sulfate (note moved to).
Enilconazole is approved for use as a fungicide in many countries. It is registered under the name imazalil for post-harvest treatment of citrus and other fruits. The compound is also used in veterinary medicine as an antifungal agent. Its mechanism involves inhibition of CYP51-mediated ergosterol biosynthesis. Regulatory maximum residue limits (MRLs) are established for enilconazole in various food commodities to ensure consumer safety. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H14CL2N2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
297.17
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| Exact Mass |
296.048
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| CAS # |
35554-44-0
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| Related CAS # |
33586-66-2 (mononitrate);58594-72-2 (unspecified sulfate)
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| PubChem CID |
37175
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.348
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| Boiling Point |
448.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
52.7°C
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| Flash Point |
225.1±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.573
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| LogP |
3.58
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
291
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
PZBPKYOVPCNPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H14Cl2N2O/c1-2-7-19-14(9-18-6-5-17-10-18)12-4-3-11(15)8-13(12)16/h2-6,8,10,14H,1,7,9H2
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| Chemical Name |
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-prop-2-enoxyethyl]imidazole
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| Synonyms |
1-(2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl)-1H-imidazole; Enilconazole; Imazalil
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~336.50 mM)
H2O : ~20 mg/mL (~67.30 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 1 mg/mL (3.36 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3651 mL | 16.8254 mL | 33.6508 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6730 mL | 3.3651 mL | 6.7302 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3365 mL | 1.6825 mL | 3.3651 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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