| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vivo |
Embrilla has a significant interventional effect on bleeding in the stomach and variceum, and more research on this topic has to be done in the US. To compare this strategy with radiation therapy, randomized trials are necessary [1]. When it comes to the surgical management of symptomatic nephroptosis, the tissue adhesive embuclide seems to be a safe and efficient medication that can produce positive outcomes quickly and easily [2].
|
|---|---|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is primarily metabolized to thiocyanate by thiocyanate oxidase or 3-mercaptopyruvate thiotransferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96) |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Organic nitriles can decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the main toxic mechanism of organic nitriles is the production of toxic cyanide ions, or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide ions are inhibitors of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth electron transport chain complex (located on the mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells). It forms a complex with the ferric atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide ions to this cytochrome prevents electrons from being transferred from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, and the cell can no longer perform aerobic respiration to produce ATP for energy. Tissues that rely primarily on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly susceptible to this. Cyanide can also produce some toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydrocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the iron ions in methemoglobin to form inactive methemoglobin cyanide. (L97) |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Enbucrilate is a nitrile compound and an α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid. Enbucrilate is currently being studied in the clinical trial NCT02468206 (secondary prevention of gastric variceal bleeding). Butyl cyanoacrylate is a cyanide compound. It is the main component of medical cyanoacrylate adhesives used for the adhesion of skin lacerations and the treatment of bleeding in vascular structures. (L595) This is a tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form an adhesive. It is slowly biodegradable and used in various surgical procedures, including dental procedures.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C8H11NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
153.18
|
| Exact Mass |
153.078
|
| CAS # |
6606-65-1
|
| Related CAS # |
25154-80-7;25154-80-7 (homopolymer);6606-65-1 (Parent)
|
| PubChem CID |
23087
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：0.986 g/cm3）
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
232.8±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
99.4±0.0 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.443
|
| LogP |
1.29
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
199
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O(C(C(C#N)=C([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
JJJFUHOGVZWXNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c1-3-4-5-11-8(10)7(2)6-9/h2-5H2,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
butyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~652.83 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (16.32 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (16.32 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5283 mL | 32.6413 mL | 65.2827 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3057 mL | 6.5283 mL | 13.0565 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6528 mL | 3.2641 mL | 6.5283 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT03388125 | UNKNOWN STATUS | Drug: Injection Sclerotherapy Drug: N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate |
Bleeding Esophageal Varices | Sherief Abd-Elsalam | 2016-01-01 | Phase 3 |
| NCT01717612 | UNKNOWN STATUS | Drug: Thrombin Drug: Histoacryl |
Rebleeding From Gastric Varices Ulcer, on Gastric Varices |
National Science Council, Taiwan | 2012-10 | Phase 3 |
| NCT06298500 | RECRUITING | Device: hernia repair surgery | Inguinal Hernia | Aesculap AG | 2024-03-15 | |
| NCT00890578 | COMPLETED | Procedure: adhesive to suture | Surgical Incisions | Mayo Clinic | 2009-04 | |
| NCT02330731 | COMPLETED | Procedure: injection sclerotherapy for gastric varices | Gastric Varices | Ain Shams University | 2012-01 | Not Applicable |
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