| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
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| Targets |
The primary target of ebrotidine is the histamine H2 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed on gastric parietal cells and mediates gastric acid secretion. Histamine binds to H2 receptors on parietal cells, stimulating adenylyl cyclase activity and increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn activates the proton pump (H⁺/K⁺-ATPase) and leads to gastric acid secretion. Ebrotidine acts as a competitive antagonist at the H2 receptor, blocking histamine binding and reducing gastric acid secretion. The compound has a higher affinity for the H2 receptor than ranitidine and cimetidine. Ebrotidine's gastroprotective effects may also involve additional mechanisms beyond H2 receptor antagonism.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ebrotidine demonstrates potent competitive antagonism at the histamine H2 receptor with a Ki of 127.5 nM. The compound displaced ³H-thiotidine specific binding to histamine H2-receptors, showing a higher affinity than ranitidine (Ki: 190.0 nM) and cimetidine (Ki: 246.1 nM). Its antisecretory activity has been demonstrated in vitro using isolated gastric gland preparations or parietal cell cultures, where the compound inhibits histamine-stimulated acid secretion. Ebrotidine also has gastroprotective activity, which may be mediated by mechanisms beyond H2 receptor antagonism, such as enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms. The compound's in vitro activity is well-characterized in pharmacological studies.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, ebrotidine has demonstrated potent antisecretory and gastroprotective activities. It reduces gastric acid secretion and provides protection against gastric mucosal damage caused by stress responses, NSAIDs, and other ulcerogenic agents. The compound has been studied in animal models of gastric ulceration, where it has shown efficacy in reducing ulcer formation and promoting ulcer healing. Its effects on gastric acid secretion, gastrin levels, and NSAID-induced gastrotoxicity have been characterized in the rat. Ebrotidine's gastroprotective effects may involve enhancement of mucosal blood flow, mucus production, and other defense mechanisms in addition to acid suppression.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for ebrotidine measure its affinity for the histamine H2 receptor. Radioligand binding studies are performed using membrane preparations from cells or tissues expressing the H2 receptor and radiolabeled H2 receptor ligands such as [³H]-thiotidine. Competition binding experiments with varying concentrations of ebrotidine determine its binding affinity (Ki). The compound's affinity is compared to that of other H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine and cimetidine. These assays are essential for characterizing the compound's potency and selectivity at the H2 receptor.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for ebrotidine evaluate its functional activity at the H2 receptor. Cells expressing recombinant H2 receptors are treated with varying concentrations of ebrotidine in the presence or absence of histamine, and downstream signaling is measured. For H2 receptors, which are coupled to Gs proteins, receptor activation leads to cAMP accumulation. Ebrotidine's ability to inhibit histamine-stimulated cAMP accumulation is measured using ELISA or FRET-based assays. These assays confirm the compound's antagonist activity and provide data on its potency. Additionally, the compound's gastroprotective effects can be assessed in cell-based models of mucosal injury.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for ebrotidine have been conducted in rodent models of gastric ulceration and acid-related disorders. In typical studies, animals are subjected to stress, NSAID administration, or other ulcerogenic stimuli, and ebrotidine is administered orally or parenterally. Endpoints include assessment of gastric mucosal damage, measurement of gastric acid secretion, and determination of gastrin levels. The compound's effects on ulcer formation, mucosal blood flow, and mucus production are assessed. These studies have demonstrated ebrotidine's efficacy in preventing and treating gastric mucosal damage.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Ebrotidine has a molecular formula of C₁₄H₁₇BrN₆O₂S₃ and a molecular weight of approximately 477.39 g/mol. As a small-molecule H2 receptor antagonist, it is typically administered orally. The compound is well-absorbed after oral administration and distributed to various tissues. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are not extensively reported in the publicly available literature. The compound's metabolism likely involves hepatic metabolism, and it is excreted primarily in urine and feces. Its half-life and bioavailability would be similar to other H2 receptor antagonists.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ebrotidine is generally well-tolerated, with a safety profile similar to other H2 receptor antagonists. Common side effects include headache, dizziness, diarrhea, and constipation. As with other H2 antagonists, ebrotidine can cause transient increases in liver enzymes, and rare cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported. The compound should be used with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Ebrotidine is classified as a pregnancy category B drug. The compound has not been approved by the FDA for clinical use in the United States.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ibutidine is a sulfonamide drug.
Ebrotidine (CAS# 100981-43-9) is a competitive H2-receptor antagonist with a Ki of 127.5 nM. It has higher affinity for the H2 receptor than ranitidine and cimetidine. The compound has potent antisecretory and gastroprotective activities. It has been studied for the treatment of gastric ulcers and NSAID-induced gastrotoxicity. Ebrotidine has a molecular formula of C₁₄H₁₇BrN₆O₂S₃. It has not received FDA approval for any indication in the United States. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H17BRN6O2S3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
477.414
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| Exact Mass |
475.975
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| CAS # |
100981-43-9
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| PubChem CID |
65869
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
672.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
360.4±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.740
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| LogP |
3.37
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
586
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
ZQHFZHPUZXNPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H17BrN6O2S3/c15-10-1-3-12(4-2-10)26(22,23)19-9-18-5-6-24-7-11-8-25-14(20-11)21-13(16)17/h1-4,8-9H,5-7H2,(H,18,19)(H4,16,17,20,21)
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| Chemical Name |
N-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-N'-[2-[[2-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methylsulfanyl]ethyl]methanimidamide
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| Synonyms |
FI3542; FI 3542; FI-3542
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~209.46 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0946 mL | 10.4732 mL | 20.9464 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4189 mL | 2.0946 mL | 4.1893 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2095 mL | 1.0473 mL | 2.0946 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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