| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DTE targets disulfide bonds in proteins and other molecules. As a reducing agent, it donates electrons to reduce disulfide bridges (-S-S-) to two thiol groups (-SH). This is a chemical reaction rather than a biological target interaction. By reducing disulfide bonds, it can alter the structure and function of proteins, making it a valuable tool for studying protein conformation and function.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DTE is widely used as a reducing agent in various biochemical applications. It is used to prevent the oxidation of thiol groups in protein samples, to reduce disulfide bonds for protein unfolding prior to electrophoresis, and as a deprotection agent for thiolated DNA in oligonucleotide synthesis. It is also used to prepare matrices for mass spectrometry. Its primary activity is as a chemical reducing agent.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DTE is not used as a therapeutic agent. Its application is strictly limited to in vitro biochemical and molecular biology research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable for DTE, as it is a chemical reducing agent. Its activity is assessed by its ability to reduce disulfide bonds, which can be measured using colorimetric assays like the Ellman's test, which quantifies free thiol groups.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for DTE are typically not performed, as it is used as a reagent in cell lysis buffers or protein extraction protocols rather than as a treatment for live cells. Its reducing properties could affect cell viability if added directly to cell culture media, but this is not a standard application.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not performed with DTE, as it is a laboratory reagent and not a therapeutic or pharmacological agent.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DTE has a molecular weight of 154.25 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₄H₁₀O₂S₂. It is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It has a melting point of 81-85°C. It should be stored in a cool, dry place. As a small, polar molecule, it is stable under proper storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DTE is a skin and eye irritant. It should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment in a well-ventilated area. It is not intended for human or veterinary use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Dithioerythritol is a meso diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; a sulfur-containing sugar derived from the monosaccharide erythrose; and also an epimer of dithiothreitol. It is a reducing agent. Dithiothreitol and its isomer, Clelan reagent (dithiothreitol), can be used to protect thiol groups from oxidation to disulfide bonds and to reduce disulfide bonds to thiol groups.
DTE (Dithioerythritol) is a reducing agent and an epimer of DTT, used to reduce disulfide bonds in proteins and DNA. It is commonly used in biochemical research for protein unfolding, electrophoresis, and as a deprotection agent. It is not approved for therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H10O2S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
154.2510
|
| Exact Mass |
154.012
|
| CAS # |
6892-68-8
|
| PubChem CID |
439352
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
364.5±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
82-86ºC
|
| Flash Point |
174.2±27.9 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.579
|
| LogP |
0.07
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
52
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
S([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])S[H])O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
VHJLVAABSRFDPM-ZXZARUISSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H10O2S2/c5-3(1-7)4(6)2-8/h3-8H,1-2H2/t3-,4+
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S)-1,4-bis(sulfanyl)butane-2,3-diol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~648.30 mM)
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~324.15 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 50 mg/mL (324.15 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4830 mL | 32.4149 mL | 64.8298 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2966 mL | 6.4830 mL | 12.9660 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6483 mL | 3.2415 mL | 6.4830 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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