| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DPP-IV-IN-2 targets dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV, also known as DPP-4 or CD26) and DP8/9. DPIV is a serine exopeptidase that cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with proline or alanine at the penultimate position. DPIV is widely expressed and plays important roles in glucose metabolism by degrading incretin hormones such as GLP-1 and GIP, as well as in immune regulation by cleaving chemokines and cytokines. DP8 and DP9 are closely related intracellular serine proteases with similar substrate specificities. By inhibiting DPIV and DP8/9, DPP-IV-IN-2 modulates the activity of various peptide substrates. The compound has IC50 values of 0.1 microM for DPIV and 0.95 microM for DP8/9.
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| ln Vitro |
DPP-IV-IN-2 demonstrates potent in vitro activity as a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor. The compound inhibits DPIV with an IC50 of 0.1 microM and DP8/9 with an IC50 of 0.95 microM. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with potent inhibition observed at micromolar concentrations. DPP-IV-IN-2 is used in research to study the role of DPIV and DP8/9 in various physiological processes, including glucose metabolism and immune regulation. The compound's activity has been characterized in enzymatic assays using recombinant or purified enzymes. Its inhibition of DPIV is comparable to that of clinically used DPP-4 inhibitors, making it a valuable research tool.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of DPP-IV-IN-2 has been less extensively characterized compared to its in vitro activity. As a DPIV inhibitor, the compound would be expected to increase GLP-1 levels and improve glucose tolerance in vivo, similar to clinically used DPP-4 inhibitors. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies in animal models have not been extensively published. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro studies of dipeptidyl peptidase biology. Further research is needed to determine whether DPP-IV-IN-2's in vitro inhibitory activity translates to in vivo efficacy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for DPP-IV-IN-2 involve measuring the inhibition of DPIV or DP8/9 enzymatic activity using fluorogenic substrates. Recombinant or purified DPIV or DP8/9 is incubated with varying concentrations of the test compound and a fluorogenic substrate such as Gly-Pro-AMC (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin). Cleavage of the substrate releases the fluorescent AMC group, which is quantified using a fluorescence plate reader with excitation at 360-380 nm and emission at 440-460 nm. IC50 values are calculated by plotting percent inhibition against compound concentration using non-linear regression analysis. The compound has IC50 values of 0.1 microM for DPIV and 0.95 microM for DP8/9. Selectivity assays compare the compound's activity against other serine proteases. Each concentration is typically tested in duplicate or triplicate with appropriate positive controls (known DPP-4 inhibitors) and vehicle controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for DPP-IV-IN-2 are performed using cell lines or primary cells that express DPIV, such as immune cells or intestinal epithelial cells. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound, and DPIV activity is measured in cell lysates or on the cell surface using fluorogenic substrates. Alternatively, the compound's effects on GLP-1 degradation can be assessed by incubating GLP-1 with cell-conditioned medium or purified enzyme in the presence or absence of the compound, and measuring GLP-1 levels by ELISA. Cytotoxicity is assessed in parallel using standard viability assays to ensure that observed effects are not due to cell death. IC50 values for inhibition of cellular DPIV activity are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for DPP-IV-IN-2 have not been extensively reported in the public domain. As a DPIV inhibitor, the compound could potentially be evaluated in mouse models of type 2 diabetes, such as the db/db mouse or the high-fat diet-induced obese mouse. In such studies, the compound would be administered via oral gavage, and blood glucose levels would be measured at various time points. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) would be performed to assess glucose tolerance. GLP-1 levels would be measured in plasma to confirm target engagement. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies have not been widely published. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of DPP-IV-IN-2 have not been extensively characterized in the public domain. The compound has a molecular formula of C18H26N4O5 and a molecular weight of 378.42 g/mol. Its chemical name is (4-nitrophenyl)methyl N-[(5S)-5-amino-6-oxo-6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexyl]carbamate. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. As a small molecule, DPP-IV-IN-2 would be expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability, similar to other DPP-4 inhibitors. However, comprehensive pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and oral bioavailability have not been reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DPP-IV-IN-2 is intended for laboratory research use only and has not undergone comprehensive toxicology testing. As a DPIV inhibitor, the compound would be expected to have effects on glucose metabolism and immune regulation. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays in cell lines are typically performed alongside efficacy studies to rule out nonspecific toxicity. In vivo, animals would be monitored for signs of toxicity if the compound were to be evaluated in animal studies. Comprehensive toxicological characterization including genotoxicity and repeated-dose toxicity studies has not been reported. The compound is not approved for human use and is strictly intended for research purposes.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DPP-IV-IN-2 (H-Lys(4-nitro-Z)-pyrrolidide) is an inhibitor of DPIV and DP8/9 with IC50 values of 0.1 microM and 0.95 microM, respectively. It has a molecular formula of C18H26N4O5 and a molecular weight of 378.42 g/mol. The compound is used to study the role of dipeptidyl peptidases in glucose metabolism and immune regulation. DPP-IV-IN-2 has not entered clinical trials and is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H26N4O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
378.42300
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| Exact Mass |
378.19
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| CAS # |
136259-18-2
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| PubChem CID |
9209502
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
3.493
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
497
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1CCN(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCNC(=O)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])N
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| InChi Key |
YDYSCRZHYWLSPQ-INIZCTEOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H26N4O5/c19-16(17(23)21-11-3-4-12-21)5-1-2-10-20-18(24)27-13-14-6-8-15(9-7-14)22(25)26/h6-9,16H,1-5,10-13,19H2,(H,20,24)/t16-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4-nitrophenyl)methyl N-[(5S)-5-amino-6-oxo-6-pyrrolidin-1-ylhexyl]carbamate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~200 mg/mL (~528.51 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (13.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (13.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (13.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6426 mL | 13.2128 mL | 26.4257 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5285 mL | 2.6426 mL | 5.2851 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2643 mL | 1.3213 mL | 2.6426 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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