| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DOTAP chloride targets the cell membrane, where its cationic headgroup interacts with the negatively charged cell surface. This interaction facilitates the uptake of nucleic acid-DOTAP complexes via endocytosis. The compound's two oleoyl chains provide hydrophobic interactions that stabilize the liposomal structure and promote fusion with the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, the nucleic acid is released from the complex and can be expressed or exert its function. DOTAP chloride is a versatile and efficient transfection reagent for a wide range of cell types.
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| ln Vitro |
Gate bodies attach to DNA and recombine. Size and zeta potential have little effect on the transfection efficacy of DOTAP gates, but gate composition and cell type do [1].
In vitro, DOTAP chloride is used to transfect a variety of mammalian cell lines with plasmid DNA, siRNA, or other nucleic acids. The compound is typically formulated as cationic liposomes by mixing with a neutral helper lipid, such as DOPE (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine), to improve transfection efficiency. The DOTAP/nucleic acid complexes are added to cells in culture, and the delivery of the nucleic acid is assessed by measuring the expression of a reporter gene or the knockdown of a target gene. DOTAP chloride is known for its high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DOTAP chloride has been investigated for gene therapy applications. Cationic liposomes containing DOTAP chloride can be used to deliver therapeutic genes or siRNA to target tissues in animal models. The compound's ability to form stable complexes with nucleic acids and its favorable biocompatibility make it a promising vehicle for in vivo gene delivery. However, the in vivo efficacy of DOTAP-based formulations can be limited by factors such as serum stability and tissue targeting.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable to DOTAP chloride, as it is a transfection reagent rather than a pharmacologically active compound targeting a specific enzyme or receptor. However, its interaction with nucleic acids can be studied using gel retardation assays. The compound is mixed with nucleic acids at various charge ratios, and the formation of complexes is assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The ability of the complexes to protect nucleic acids from nuclease degradation can also be assessed.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments for DOTAP chloride involve assessing its transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Cells are transfected with a reporter plasmid (e.g., encoding GFP or luciferase) complexed with DOTAP chloride. The transfection efficiency is measured by flow cytometry or luminescence assay. Cytotoxicity is assessed using an MTT or LDH release assay. The optimal charge ratio of DOTAP chloride to nucleic acid and the optimal incubation time are determined empirically for each cell type.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for DOTAP chloride are conducted using mouse or rat models. DOTAP chloride/nucleic acid complexes are administered via intravenous, intratumoral, or intramuscular injection. The expression or knockdown of the target gene in tissues is assessed by qPCR, Western blot, or immunohistochemistry. The biodistribution of the complexes is evaluated by labeling the nucleic acid with a fluorescent or radioactive probe. The efficacy of the treatment is evaluated by measuring the desired therapeutic outcome.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of DOTAP chloride/nucleic acid complexes are characterized by their rapid clearance from circulation. The complexes are typically taken up by the liver and spleen, which limits their delivery to other tissues. The half-life of the complexes in circulation can be prolonged by PEGylation or by incorporating targeting ligands. The nucleic acid payload is released from the complexes intracellularly, where it can exert its function.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity of DOTAP chloride has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The compound is generally considered to have low cytotoxicity at concentrations used for transfection. However, high concentrations can cause cell membrane disruption and cytotoxicity. In vivo, DOTAP chloride-based formulations can cause an inflammatory response and liver toxicity at high doses. The safety of DOTAP chloride has been established through its widespread use in research and its evaluation in clinical trials for gene therapy.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DOTAP chloride is a widely used cationic lipid for the transfection of nucleic acids into mammalian cells. Its cationic headgroup and two oleoyl chains allow it to form stable complexes with nucleic acids and facilitate their delivery into cells. DOTAP chloride is known for its high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity, making it a standard reagent in molecular biology. It has also been investigated for gene therapy applications due to its ability to deliver therapeutic genes and siRNA in vivo. The compound's safety and efficacy have been established through extensive research and clinical evaluation.
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| Molecular Formula |
C42H80NO4+
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
663.0889
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| Exact Mass |
662.609
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| CAS # |
132172-61-3
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| Related CAS # |
132172-61-3 (chloride);113669-21-9 (cation);
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| PubChem CID |
11636182
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| Appearance |
White to off-white <35°C powder,>38°C liquid
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| Melting Point |
35-38ºC
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| LogP |
12.222
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
37
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| Heavy Atom Count |
48
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| Complexity |
754
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
KSXTUUUQYQYKCR-LQDDAWAPSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H80NO4.ClH/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-41(44)46-39-40(38-43(3,4)5)47-42(45)37-35-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2;/h20-23,40H,6-19,24-39H2,1-5H3;1H/q+1;/p-1/b22-20-,23-21-;
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| Chemical Name |
2,3-bis[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl-trimethylazanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol : ~130 mg/mL (~186.10 mM)
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~35.79 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (3.58 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5081 mL | 7.5405 mL | 15.0809 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3016 mL | 1.5081 mL | 3.0162 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1508 mL | 0.7540 mL | 1.5081 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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