| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary mechanism of action of Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (polidocanol) as a sclerosing agent involves its detergent effect on the vascular endothelium. When injected into a vein, it disrupts the cell membrane of the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel, leading to local inflammation, damage to the vessel wall, and subsequent thrombosis. This process results in the fibrosis and eventual obliteration of the treated vein. As a surfactant, it also functions by reducing surface tension and interacting with lipid membranes, which facilitates its detergent properties.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated exhibits surfactant activity, effectively reducing surface tension and enabling the solubilization of membrane proteins. As a nonionic detergent, it is capable of isolating functional cell membrane complexes without denaturing proteins, making it useful in biochemical research. Its activity as a surfactant is concentration-dependent, with critical micelle concentration (CMC) values that vary depending on the length of the ethylene oxide chain. The compound also shows compatibility with various solvents including water, ethanol, and toluene.
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| ln Vivo |
Tetracycline had a greater effect on adhesions than polidocanol (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), while polidocanol had an equivalent effect on stocks. For pleurodesis, higher alcohol concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% polidocanol work better than tetracycline or guided polidocanol [1].
In vivo studies have evaluated the efficacy of polidocanol (Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated) in animal models of pleurodesis. Research in rats demonstrated that polidocanol at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% was effective for pleurodesis, with higher concentrations showing better efficacy than tetracycline. In these models, polidocanol induced adhesion formation and pleural fibrosis. Additionally, tetracycline had a greater effect on adhesions than polidocanol, while polidocanol had an equivalent effect on stocks. These studies support its use as a sclerosing agent in clinical settings. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular biochemical activity of Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated can be assessed through surface tension measurements and critical micelle concentration (CMC) determination. In a typical assay, the compound is dissolved in aqueous buffer at varying concentrations, and surface tension is measured using a tensiometer or the Wilhelmy plate method. The CMC is determined as the concentration at which surface tension reaches a plateau, indicating micelle formation. Additionally, its ability to solubilize hydrophobic compounds can be evaluated by monitoring the apparent solubility of a model lipophilic dye in the presence of increasing surfactant concentrations. These assays are performed in the absence of cells to characterize the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the surfactant.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated typically involve evaluating its effects on cell membrane integrity and viability. In a typical protocol, cultured endothelial cells or other relevant cell lines are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for a defined period (e.g., 24-48 hours). Cell viability is then assessed using standard assays such as MTT or LDH release, which measure mitochondrial activity or membrane damage, respectively. The compound's detergent properties can cause dose-dependent membrane disruption, leading to cell lysis at higher concentrations. These experiments help determine the therapeutic window between effective sclerosing concentrations and cytotoxic levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (polidocanol) typically use rodent models to assess sclerosing efficacy. In a representative study, rats are administered polidocanol at various concentrations (e.g., 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) via intrapleural injection. The animals are then monitored for adhesion formation, pleural fibrosis, and overall treatment response. Efficacy is evaluated by histological examination of the pleural tissue to assess the extent of fibrosis and adhesion. Control groups may receive tetracycline or saline. These studies demonstrate that higher concentrations of polidocanol produce more pronounced sclerosing effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated are characterized by its behavior as a surfactant. As a large amphiphilic molecule (molecular weight ranging from approximately 450 to 626 g/mol), it has limited systemic absorption when applied topically or injected locally. When administered as a sclerosing agent, it is largely confined to the injection site, with minimal distribution to systemic circulation. The compound is metabolized primarily through hepatic pathways, and its elimination occurs via renal excretion. Its logP value of -2.83 indicates high hydrophilicity, which limits its ability to cross lipid membranes and contributes to its local rather than systemic action.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated indicate that it has a relatively favorable safety profile when used as a sclerosing agent. The LD50 in mice is reported to be 1170 mg/kg when administered orally and 125 mg/kg when given intravenously. Common adverse effects associated with its use include local pain, burning sensation, and transient swelling at the injection site. More serious but rare complications may include deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or skin necrosis if extravasation occurs. As a surfactant, it can cause irritation to mucous membranes and skin upon direct contact. Long-term safety data support its use as an FDA-approved sclerotherapy agent.
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| References |
[1]. Cetin B, et al. Polidocanol at different concentrations for pleurodesis in rats. Surg Today. 2005;35(12):1066-9.
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| Additional Infomation |
Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (polidocanol) is an FDA-approved sclerosing agent marketed under brand names such as Asclera, Aethoxysklerol, and Varithena. It is indicated for the treatment of spider veins (telangiectasias) and reticular veins of the lower extremities. The compound is also used as a detergent in biochemical research under the name Brij 35 for the isolation of membrane proteins. In cosmetics, it functions as a surfactant and emulsifier. Its safety and efficacy have been established through numerous clinical trials, and it remains a widely used therapeutic agent in vascular medicine. The compound is stable at room temperature for short periods and should be stored at -20°C for long-term preservation.
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| Molecular Formula |
(C2H4O)N.C12H26O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
450 - 626
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| Exact Mass |
1198.801
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| CAS # |
9002-92-0
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow <48°C solid powder,>48°C liquid
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
960.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
41-45 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
534.4±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.465
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| LogP |
-2.83
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| SMILES |
C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC)COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 120 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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