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| Targets |
The primary "target" of DMA trihydrochloride is not a specific biological receptor or enzyme, but rather the assay system or biomolecule it is designed to label or detect. As a fluorescent probe, it functions by binding to or interacting with cellular components, resulting in a fluorescent signal that can be measured. It is used as a blue-green emitting probe in biochemical and cell-based assays. Its fluorescence properties, with excitation at 340 nm and emission at 478 nm, make it suitable for various fluorescence-based detection methods. The compound is used as a precursor in the synthesis of choline.
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| ln Vitro |
The cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized bisbenzimidazole derivative DMA (6c) was assessed on human tumor cell lines (brain glioma cell line (U87), cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), and breast cancer cell line (MCF7) in comparison to Hoechst. The DMA IC50 for MCF7 is 5.3 μM. When HeLa was present, the DMA IC50 was found to be 3.4 μM [1].
DMA trihydrochloride exhibits its activity through its fluorescent properties rather than through a specific pharmacological mechanism. In vitro, it serves as a fluorescent probe for detecting and quantifying biological molecules or cellular processes. Its fluorescence can be measured using standard fluorescence spectroscopy or microscopy techniques. The compound is used in biochemical assays to monitor reactions, track molecules, or assess cell viability. It has been reported to possess various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Its water solubility (H₂O : 15.9 mg/mL) facilitates its use in aqueous assay systems. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of DMA trihydrochloride are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research reagent for in vitro and cellular applications rather than as a therapeutic agent. However, fluorescent probes like DMA trihydrochloride may be used in animal models for imaging applications, such as tracking cells or biomolecules in vivo. The compound's fluorescence properties enable sensitive detection in biological samples. No extensive in vivo pharmacological or toxicological studies have been reported. The compound is generally used for research purposes only and is not intended for therapeutic use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For fluorescence characterization assays, DMA trihydrochloride is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (e.g., water, DMSO, or aqueous buffer) and its absorption and emission spectra are measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. Excitation and emission maxima are determined (λex=340 nm, λem=478 nm). For cellular staining, cells are cultured and incubated with the dye at optimized concentrations (typically 1-10 µM) for a specified period. The stained cells are then washed and analyzed by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy using appropriate filter sets. The fluorescence intensity is measured to assess labeling efficiency. For biochemical assays, the compound can be used as a probe to monitor enzyme activity or protein interactions.
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| Cell Assay |
DMA trihydrochloride is used as a fluorescent probe in cell-based assays. Cells are cultured in appropriate medium (e.g., DMEM or RPMI-1640) with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Cells are seeded in 6-well or 96-well plates and grown to 70-80% confluence. The compound is dissolved in water or DMSO and diluted in culture medium to final concentrations (typically 1-10 µM). Cells are incubated with the dye for 15-60 minutes at 37°C in the dark. After incubation, cells are washed with PBS to remove unbound dye. Fluorescence is measured using a fluorescence plate reader, flow cytometer, or fluorescence microscope with excitation at 340 nm and emission at 478 nm. For viability assays, cells may be stained with DMA trihydrochloride and analyzed for fluorescence intensity.
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| Animal Protocol |
Standard in vivo protocols for fluorescent probes like DMA trihydrochloride are not well-established. If used in animal studies, the compound would likely be administered intravenously or intraperitoneally to mice at doses determined from preliminary toxicity studies. Tissues and organs would be collected at various time points and processed for fluorescence imaging or homogenized for fluorometric analysis. Biodistribution would be assessed by measuring fluorescence in tissue homogenates or by imaging whole animals using an in vivo imaging system. However, such studies are not typical for this compound, and no specific dosing or administration protocols are reported in the literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for DMA trihydrochloride are not available, as the compound is used as a research reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. If used in vivo, the compound would be expected to have distribution to various tissues due to its cell-permeability. Its metabolism and excretion would depend on its chemical structure, likely involving hepatic metabolism and biliary or renal clearance. However, no dedicated ADME studies have been reported. The compound is primarily used in vitro and is not intended for in vivo pharmacokinetic characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for DMA trihydrochloride are limited, as the compound is used as a research reagent and not as a therapeutic agent. The compound is generally considered to have low toxicity at the concentrations used for staining applications (typically 1-10 µM). No acute toxicity, mutagenicity, or carcinogenicity data have been reported. As with all chemical reagents, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling DMA trihydrochloride, including the use of personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety glasses) and work in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be handled according to standard laboratory safety protocols.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DMA trihydrochloride (CAS 2095832-33-8) is a small-molecule fluorescent dye with excitation/emission maxima of 340/478 nm. It is a water-soluble salt with the molecular formula C₂₇H₃₁Cl₃N₆O₂ and a molecular weight of 577.93. The compound is used as a blue-green emitting probe in biochemical and cell-based assays. It has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. DMA trihydrochloride is also used as a precursor in the synthesis of choline. It is a valuable tool for fluorescence-based research applications and is strictly for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C27H29CLN6O2
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| Molecular Weight |
505.011164426804
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| Exact Mass |
576.157
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| CAS # |
2095832-33-8
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| Related CAS # |
DMA;188860-26-6
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| PubChem CID |
131704506
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| Appearance |
Light green to green solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
38
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| Complexity |
705
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C1=C(C=CC(C2=NC3=CC=C(C4=NC5=CC=C(N6CCN(C)CC6)C=C5N4)C=C3N2)=C1)OC)C.Cl
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| InChi Key |
NJYXXGULZHPSHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H28N6O2.3ClH/c1-32-10-12-33(13-11-32)19-6-8-21-23(16-19)31-26(29-21)17-4-7-20-22(14-17)30-27(28-20)18-5-9-24(34-2)25(15-18)35-3;;;/h4-9,14-16H,10-13H2,1-3H3,(H,28,30)(H,29,31);3*1H
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| Chemical Name |
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole;trihydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~15.9 mg/mL (~27.51 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 8.33 mg/mL (14.41 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9802 mL | 9.9008 mL | 19.8016 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3960 mL | 1.9802 mL | 3.9603 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1980 mL | 0.9901 mL | 1.9802 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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