| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| 50g |
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| 100g |
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| 200g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DL-Norvaline targets arginase, a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine in the urea cycle. As a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase, it reduces the conversion of L-arginine to urea, thereby increasing the availability of L-arginine for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and enhancing NO production. It is also an endogenous metabolite involved in various metabolic pathways.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
L-norvaline, a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase, is derived from DL-norvaline [1].
In vitro, DL-Norvaline acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase. It has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the ribosome and preventing protein synthesis, which is necessary for bacterial cell division. The antimicrobial activity of DL-norvaline may be due to its ability to interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. L-norvaline, derived from DL-norvaline, is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase with a reported IC50 of 17.9 mM against Entamoeba histolytica arginase (EhArg). |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DL-Norvaline has been used to study the effects of arginase inhibition on hypertension associated with diabetes. Arginase inhibition alleviates hypertension and improves endothelial-dependent relaxation and NO production in animal models. By increasing the availability of L-arginine for NOS, DL-norvaline may enhance NO-mediated vasodilation and improve vascular function.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro arginase inhibition assays for DL-Norvaline are conducted using purified or recombinant arginase enzymes. Enzyme activity is measured by quantifying the production of urea from L-arginine using colorimetric methods such as the diacetyl monoxime-thiosemicarbazide assay. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and substrate at varying concentrations, and IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. The non-competitive nature of inhibition is determined by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for DL-Norvaline are performed using macrophage cell lines such as RAW264.7, which express both arginase and NOS. Cells are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce arginase expression and then treated with varying concentrations of DL-norvaline. Arginase activity is measured in cell lysates, and NO production is assessed by measuring nitrite accumulation in culture supernatants using the Griess reaction.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for DL-Norvaline are conducted in rodent models of hypertension, diabetes, or inflammation. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally. Blood pressure is measured using tail-cuff or telemetry methods. Endothelial function is assessed by evaluating vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine in isolated aortic rings. Serum NO levels and arginase activity are measured to confirm target engagement.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for DL-Norvaline are limited. The compound has a molecular weight of 117.15 and a molecular formula of C₅H₁₁NO₂. As an amino acid analog, it is expected to be absorbed following oral administration and distributed to tissues via amino acid transporters. It is metabolized through amino acid catabolic pathways and excreted in the urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DL-Norvaline is generally considered to have low toxicity in research settings. No significant acute toxicity has been reported. The compound is designated for research use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard toxicity screening would involve acute and repeated-dose studies in rodents with evaluation of clinical signs, body weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Aminovaleric acid is an α-amino acid formed by substituting an amino group at the 2-position of valeric acid. Functionally, it is related to valeric acid. DL-valine has been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana and Aeromonas veronii, and relevant data are available.
DL-Norvaline (2-Aminopentanoic acid) is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase, an enzyme in the urea cycle. It is an endogenous metabolite that increases L-arginine availability for NO production. It has been studied for its effects on hypertension, diabetes, and antimicrobial activity. It is not a drug and has no clinical approval. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H11NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
117.146341562271
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| Exact Mass |
117.078
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| CAS # |
760-78-1
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| PubChem CID |
824
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
222.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
≥300 °C (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
88.6±22.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.464
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| LogP |
0.38
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
82.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
SNDPXSYFESPGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-2-3-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
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| Chemical Name |
2-aminopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~426.80 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 20 mg/mL (170.72 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.5361 mL | 42.6803 mL | 85.3606 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7072 mL | 8.5361 mL | 17.0721 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8536 mL | 4.2680 mL | 8.5361 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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