| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of DK-1 is the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha; NR3B1), an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial function, and gluconeogenesis. ERRalpha is constitutively active and plays a particularly important role in energy-demanding tissues such as the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and brown adipose tissue. DK-1 is described as a potent modulator of ERRalpha.
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| ln Vitro |
DK-1 exhibits ERRalpha-modulating activity; however, whether it functions as an agonist or antagonist has not been specified. It has been shown to have blood glucose-lowering ability in experimental models and impacts ERRalpha receptor activity. ERRalpha is a key regulator of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, and modulating its activity can influence systemic glucose homeostasis, making DK-1 a valuable tool for studying the role of ERRalpha in diabetes and metabolic diseases.
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| ln Vivo |
DK-1 has demonstrated blood glucose-lowering activity in vivo. The compound can be used to study the role of ERRalpha in diabetes, and its glucose-lowering ability indicates potential for further investigation as an anti-diabetic agent. However, specific detailed in vivo protocols (animal models, dosing regimens, duration) have not been disclosed in the available literature, and it is recommended to consult primary research publications for comprehensive information.
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| Enzyme Assay |
As an ERRalpha modulator, DK-1's binding to the receptor can be assessed using competitive radioligand binding or fluorescence polarization assays. Purified ERRalpha ligand-binding domain (LBD) is incubated with a fluorescently labeled tracer or 3H-labeled agonist in buffer (e.g., 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 50 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1% BSA) in the presence of varying concentrations of DK-1. Binding affinity (Ki or Kd) is calculated from displacement curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity is assessed in ERRalpha-expressing cell lines (e.g., HepG2 hepatoma cells, C2C12 myotubes, or HEK293 cells transfected with ERRalpha). Cells are treated with DK-1 (1-100 uM) for 12-48 hours. ERRalpha target gene expression (e.g., PGC-1alpha, PDK4, G6Pase, PEPCK) is measured by qRT-PCR. Cellular glucose production is measured in hepatocytes by incubating cells with pyruvate and lactate as gluconeogenic substrates and quantifying glucose in the culture medium by a glucose oxidase-based assay. Mitochondrial function is assessed by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR).
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| Animal Protocol |
Specific in vivo protocols are not detailed in the available literature. A typical study would involve DK-1 being administered to mouse models of type 2 diabetes (e.g., db/db mice or high-fat diet-fed mice) via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses of 10-50 mg/kg daily for 2-4 weeks. Blood glucose levels are measured periodically using a glucometer. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) or insulin tolerance tests (ITT) would be performed. Liver and muscle tissues would be harvested for analysis of ERRalpha target gene expression and mitochondrial function.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific PK parameters for DK-1 are not detailed. Based on its physicochemical properties (MW 300.74, LogP 3.1, hydrogen bond acceptors: 3, hydrogen bond donors: 0), DK-1 is predicted to have good passive membrane permeability. The compound is soluble in DMSO (25 mg/mL) and can be formulated for in vivo administration using vehicles such as 10% DMSO + 90% corn oil. Oral bioavailability is plausible based on its drug-like properties, but PK parameters require empirical confirmation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicological data for DK-1 are not detailed. As an ERRalpha modulator with potential utility in diabetes research, the safety profile of DK-1 is likely to be investigated in the context of its glucose-lowering effects. ERRalpha is involved in energy metabolism, and its modulation could theoretically impact heart, muscle, and liver function. However, no significant toxicity has been reported in the limited available literature. Standard toxicological endpoints would be assessed in animal studies.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DK-1 is a research-grade chemical tool for studying ERRalpha function in metabolism and diabetes. ERRalpha is a key regulator of energy homeostasis, and its activity is altered in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease. DK-1 provides a tool to probe the role of ERRalpha in glucose metabolism and to validate ERRalpha as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. As of the latest updates, DK-1 has not been approved for clinical use and is exclusively available for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H13CLN2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
300.74
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| Exact Mass |
300.066
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| CAS # |
1187568-17-7
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| PubChem CID |
44240655
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| Appearance |
Off-white to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
3.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
432
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
N1C2=C(C=CC(OC)=C2)C(=O)N(C)C=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
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| InChi Key |
XNYBZAGNXXIAKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-19-15(10-3-5-11(17)6-4-10)18-14-9-12(21-2)7-8-13(14)16(19)20/h3-9H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methoxy-3-methylquinazolin-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~83.13 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3251 mL | 16.6257 mL | 33.2513 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6650 mL | 3.3251 mL | 6.6503 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3325 mL | 1.6626 mL | 3.3251 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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