| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
- Diphenylamine hydrochloride-induced hepatocyte injury is linked to oxidative stress and intracellular redox imbalance[2]
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
- Primary hepatocytes treated with Diphenylamine hydrochloride showed significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (indicating cell membrane damage) compared to untreated controls. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels—critical for redox homeostasis—were markedly reduced, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly elevated. These results confirm that Diphenylamine hydrochloride induces hepatocyte injury via oxidative stress [2]
|
| Cell Assay |
- Primary hepatocytes were isolated and cultured in a suitable medium. Cells were divided into control groups (no treatment) and Diphenylamine hydrochloride treatment groups . After incubation for a predefined period, culture supernatants were collected to measure LDH activity using a standard biochemical assay. Intracellular GSH levels were quantified via a colorimetric method, and intracellular ROS was detected using a fluorescent probe assay. Experiments were replicated to ensure result reliability [2]
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Analysis of commercial diphenylamine samples containing diphenylamine hydrochloride revealed a variety of toxic impurities that were confirmed to be the cause of the overall toxicity of the commercial product. [1] In vitro studies showed that diphenylamine hydrochloride has direct hepatotoxicity: it disrupts the integrity of hepatocyte membranes (as manifested by increased release of lactate dehydrogenase), depletes intracellular glutathione (an antioxidant), and induces excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-mediated cell damage.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Studies of commercially available diphenylamines (including diphenylamine hydrochloride) aim to identify toxic impurities to support risk assessments of these products in environmental and biological exposures [1]
- Diphenylamine hydrochloride has a structure similar to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and its hepatocellular injury mechanism overlaps with that of NSAIDs, particularly in the oxidative stress pathway [2] |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H12CLN
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
205.6834
|
| Exact Mass |
205.066
|
| CAS # |
537-67-7
|
| PubChem CID |
68311
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.088g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
302ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
180 °C
|
| Flash Point |
152.8ºC
|
| LogP |
4.305
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
|
| Complexity |
116
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
JEFJSEIUEJBMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H11N.ClH/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12;/h1-10,13H;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
N-phenylaniline;hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~1215.48 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8619 mL | 24.3096 mL | 48.6192 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9724 mL | 4.8619 mL | 9.7238 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4862 mL | 2.4310 mL | 4.8619 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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