| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Dihydroactinidiolide (DA) exhibits potent AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 34.03 nM, which is better than some reported β-carboline and tacrine derivatives. [1]
DA shows significant free radical scavenging activity: DPPH radical scavenging IC50 < 50 nM, nitric oxide (·NO) scavenging IC50 < 50 nM, and metal chelating activity IC50 > 270 nM. [1] DA at 270 nM significantly prevents the self-aggregation of Aβ25-35 peptide and promotes the disaggregation of pre-formed Aβ25-35 fibrils, as confirmed by Thioflavin T assay and confocal microscopy. [1] In Neuro2a (N2a) cells, DA (50 and 270 nM) significantly increases cell viability and reduces intracellular ROS generation induced by Aβ25-35 treatment. [1] DA does not show cytotoxic effects on N2a cells up to 270 nM for 24 hours. [1] |
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| Enzyme Assay |
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was measured using a modified Ellman's method. Briefly, 10 μL of 0.1 U AChE enzyme was incubated with 5.5–55 nM of Dihydroactinidiolide (DA) in a 96-well plate for 45 minutes. The reaction was stopped by adding 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0). Then, 125 μL of 3 mM DTNB and 50 μL of 15 mM acetylthiocholine iodide (substrate) were added to initiate the reaction. The absorbance was measured at 405 nm. The percentage inhibition was calculated, and the IC50 value was determined using GraphPad Prism software. [1]
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Neuro2a (N2a) cells were seeded and treated with different concentrations (50–270 nM) of Dihydroactinidiolide (DA) or the standard drug donepezil for 24 hours. After treatment, MTT reagent was added and incubated for 3 hours. The formed formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage relative to the control. [1]
For the neuroprotective assay, N2a cells were pre-treated with DA (50 and 270 nM) or donepezil (50 μM) for 2 hours, then exposed to 20 μM Aβ25-35 for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay as described above. [1] Intracellular ROS levels were measured using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. N2a cells were pre-treated with DA (50 and 270 nM) or donepezil (50 μM) for 2 hours, then exposed to 20 μM Aβ25-35 for 24 hours. Cells were then incubated with 10 μM DCFH-DA for 30 minutes in the dark. After lysis, fluorescence intensity was measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 485/535 nm. [1] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The ADME properties of dihydroactinidone (DA) were predicted by computer simulation using QikProp and SwissADME tools. The predicted parameters were all within the normal range for drug-like molecules: polarizability 20.26 ų, octanol/water partition coefficient (log Po/w) 1.57, water solubility (log S) -1.98, Caco-2 cell permeability 2174.55 nm/sec, brain/blood partition coefficient (log BB) -1.72, and human oral absorption rate 95.88%, and did not violate Lipinski's five rules and Jorgensen's three rules. [1] DA was predicted not to be a cytochrome P450 inhibitor. [1] It has a molecular weight of 180.24 g/mol and has 0 hydrogen bond donors and 3 hydrogen bond acceptors. [1]
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of dihydroactinidone (DA) to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were isolated from the blood of healthy individuals and treated with different concentrations of DA for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The results showed that DA had no significant cytotoxicity to PBMCs, while 1 mM H₂O₂ (positive control) reduced cell viability by 57%. [1] Hemolytic activity was assessed using human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were incubated with DA (50–270 nM) at 37°C for 1 hour. After centrifugation, the amount of hemoglobin released from the supernatant was measured at 540 nm. The results showed that the hemolytic activity of DA was extremely low, ranging from 2.35% to 5.61%, while the hemolysis rate of 1% SDS (positive control) was 100%. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Actinidiolide (dihydro-) has been reported in Agassache rugosa, Artemisia annua, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (partial). Dihydroactinidiolide (DA) is a natural product, a structural analog of loliolide, and a degradation product of carotenoids, found in the aroma of black tea and tobacco. It has been reported as a plant growth inhibitor and gene expression regulator. [1] This study is the first to report the neuroprotective potential of synthesized DA against the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), confirming its multi-target properties, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant activity, anti-amyloid aggregation, and cytoprotective effects. [1] The compound was synthesized from β-ionone via a two-step oxidation process, first with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and then with chromium anhydride. [1]
The authors propose DA as a promising multi-target targeted ligand (MTDL) candidate drug that could be used for further development of anti-Alzheimer's disease therapies. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H16O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.2435
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| Exact Mass |
180.115
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| CAS # |
17092-92-1
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| Related CAS # |
(±)-Dihydroactinidiolide;15356-74-8
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| PubChem CID |
6432173
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
296.1±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
70-71°
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| Flash Point |
120.2±16.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.504
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| LogP |
2.26
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
289
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O1C(C([H])=C2C1(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C2(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
IMKHDCBNRDRUEB-LLVKDONJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H16O2/c1-10(2)5-4-6-11(3)8(10)7-9(12)13-11/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t11-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(7aR)-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-benzofuran-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~554.82 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5482 mL | 27.7408 mL | 55.4816 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1096 mL | 5.5482 mL | 11.0963 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5548 mL | 2.7741 mL | 5.5482 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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