| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Tyrosinase; Deoxyarbutin reversibly inhibits tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 value of 1.4 μM (using L-tyrosine as substrate) [1]
p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mitochondria-associated apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3); Deoxyarbutin activates p38 and regulates apoptotic proteins, with an IC50 of 8.2 μM for B16F10 melanoma cells [2] HtrA2 (high-temperature requirement protein A2) and PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha); Deoxyarbutin modulates the HtrA2/PGC-1α pathway[3] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
1. For tyrosinase activity: Deoxyarbutin (0.1–10 μM) dose-dependently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity. At 1.4 μM, it inhibited 50% of tyrosinase activity (IC50=1.4 μM). In B16F10 melanoma cells, Deoxyarbutin (5 μM, 10 μM) reduced melanin content by 35% and 60% respectively, without affecting cell viability [1]
2. For melanoma cells: Deoxyarbutin (2–32 μM) inhibited proliferation of B16F10, A375, and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. MTT assay showed IC50 values of 8.2 μM (B16F10), 10.5 μM (A375), and 12.1 μM (SK-MEL-28) after 48 hours. It also induced apoptosis: Annexin V/PI staining showed 38.6% apoptotic B16F10 cells at 16 μM, with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3, and activated p38 phosphorylation [2] 3. For pancreatic acinar cells: Deoxyarbutin (25 μM, 50 μM) reduced cerulein-induced inflammation and apoptosis in AR42J pancreatic acinar cells. It decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels by 40%–55%, reduced ROS production by 30%–45%, and upregulated PGC-1α expression while downregulating HtrA2 [3] |
| ln Vivo |
1. In mouse skin lightening: C57BL/6 mice were topically treated with 0.5% and 1% Deoxyarbutin cream once daily for 4 weeks. The 1% group showed a 40% reduction in epidermal melanin content (measured by Fontana-Masson staining) and a 35% decrease in tyrosinase activity in skin homogenates, with no skin redness or scaling [1]
2. In nude mouse melanoma xenografts: BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously injected with B16F10 cells. When tumors reached 100 mm³, Deoxyarbutin (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically once daily for 21 days. The 40 mg/kg group had 58% smaller tumor volume and 52% lower tumor weight than the vehicle group, with increased apoptotic cells (TUNEL staining) and p38 activation in tumors [2] 3. In rat severe acute pancreatitis (SAP): SAP was induced in SD rats by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Deoxyarbutin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected immediately after SAP induction and once daily for 2 days. The 100 mg/kg group reduced pancreatic histopathological scores by 60%, decreased serum amylase/lipase levels by 50%–65%, and lowered TNF-α/IL-6 levels by 45%–55% [3] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Tyrosinase activity assay: Mushroom tyrosinase was mixed with Deoxyarbutin (0.1–10 μM) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and pre-incubated at 37°C for 15 minutes. L-tyrosine (2 mM) was added as substrate, and the reaction was monitored at 475 nm for 30 minutes. The inhibition rate was calculated by comparing absorbance with the vehicle group, and IC50 was determined via dose-response curve [1]
|
| Cell Assay |
1. B16F10 melanin cell assay: B16F10 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and cultured to 70% confluence. Deoxyarbutin (1–20 μM) was added, and cells were cultured for 72 hours. Cells were lysed with 1 M NaOH, and melanin content was measured at 490 nm. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay to exclude cytotoxicity [1]
2. Melanoma cell proliferation and apoptosis assay: B16F10/A375 cells were seeded in 96-well plates (proliferation) or 6-well plates (apoptosis). For proliferation, Deoxyarbutin (2–32 μM) was added for 48 hours, and MTT reagent was added to measure absorbance at 570 nm. For apoptosis, cells were treated with 16 μM Deoxyarbutin for 24 hours, stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI, and analyzed by flow cytometry; Western blot was used to detect p-p38, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 [2] 3. AR42J pancreatic acinar cell assay: AR42J cells were seeded in 6-well plates and serum-starved for 12 hours. Cells were pretreated with Deoxyarbutin (25 μM, 50 μM) for 2 hours, then stimulated with 10 nM cerulein for 24 hours. ELISA detected TNF-α/IL-6 levels; DCFH-DA probe measured ROS production; Western blot analyzed HtrA2 and PGC-1α expression [3] |
| Animal Protocol |
1. Mouse skin lightening model: Female C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks old) were shaved on the dorsal skin. Mice were divided into 3 groups (n=6/group): vehicle (cream base), 0.5% Deoxyarbutin cream, 1% Deoxyarbutin cream. Creams were topically applied (0.2 g/mouse) once daily for 4 weeks. At the end, dorsal skin was harvested: epidermal melanin was detected by Fontana-Masson staining, and tyrosinase activity was measured in skin homogenates [1]
2. Nude mouse melanoma xenograft model: Male BALB/c nude mice (4–6 weeks old) were subcutaneously injected with 5×10⁶ B16F10 cells into the right flank. When tumors reached ~100 mm³, mice were grouped (n=6/group): vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na), 20 mg/kg Deoxyarbutin, 40 mg/kg Deoxyarbutin. Deoxyarbutin was dissolved in 0.5% CMC-Na and administered intragastrically (0.2 mL/mouse) once daily for 21 days. Tumor volume (length×width²/2) was measured every 3 days; mice were euthanized to weigh tumors and detect apoptotic cells (TUNEL) and p-p38 (IHC) [2] 3. Rat SAP model: Male SD rats (200–250 g) were anesthetized, and SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (0.1 mL/100 g body weight) into the pancreatic duct. Rats were grouped (n=8/group): sham (saline injection), SAP+vehicle (saline), SAP+50 mg/kg Deoxyarbutin, SAP+100 mg/kg Deoxyarbutin. Deoxyarbutin was dissolved in saline and intraperitoneally injected (0.2 mL/100 g) immediately after induction and once daily for 2 days. Rats were euthanized to collect serum (amylase/lipase) and pancreas (histopathology, TNF-α/IL-6) [3] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
1. In mouse skin: Topical application of 1% deoxyarbutin cream for 4 weeks did not cause skin erythema, edema or desquamation; histological examination showed no epidermal hyperplasia or inflammatory cell infiltration [1]
2. In normal cells: Deoxyarbutin (concentration up to 32 μM) had no significant cytotoxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and the cell survival rate was >85% after 48 hours of treatment [2] 3. In a rat acute pancreatitis (SAP) model: Deoxyarbutin (100 mg/kg) could reduce pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and had no significant toxic effects on the liver and kidneys (serum ALT/AST and creatinine levels were similar to those in the sham-operated group) [3] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Deoxyarbutin is a novel reversible tyrosinase inhibitor whose whitening effect is achieved by inhibiting melanin synthesis without destroying melanocytes[1]
Deoxyarbutin exerts its anti-melanoma activity by activating p38 MAPK, which promotes mitochondrial apoptosis (increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activating caspase-3)[2] Deoxyarbutin alleviates SAP by regulating the HtrA2/PGC-1α pathway: it downregulates HtrA2 to reduce pancreatic cell apoptosis and upregulates PGC-1α to enhance mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress[3] |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H14O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
194.2271
|
| Exact Mass |
194.094
|
| CAS # |
53936-56-4
|
| PubChem CID |
11745519
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
349.8±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
165.3±25.1 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.552
|
| LogP |
1.31
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
|
| Complexity |
164
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
GFBCWCDNXDKFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H14O3/c12-9-4-6-10(7-5-9)14-11-3-1-2-8-13-11/h4-7,11-12H,1-3,8H2
|
| Chemical Name |
4-(oxan-2-yloxy)phenol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~514.85 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.1485 mL | 25.7427 mL | 51.4854 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0297 mL | 5.1485 mL | 10.2971 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5149 mL | 2.5743 mL | 5.1485 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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