| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Denatonium benzoate activates bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in various cell types, including taste cells. It affects chemical release, ciliary beating, and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular calcium-dependent pathways. It also exhibits potent inhibition of the Menin-MLL interaction in MLL-related leukemias and modulation of Lamin A splicing. Additionally, it inhibits human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, denatonium benzoate activates bitter taste receptors, leading to intracellular calcium mobilization. It has been shown to inhibit the Menin-MLL interaction and modulate Lamin A splicing. It also inhibits TDP1 activity. These activities make it a valuable tool for studying bitter taste receptor signaling and other cellular processes.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, denatonium benzoate is used as an aversive agent to prevent accidental ingestion of harmful substances. Its intensely bitter taste is detected by human taste receptors at very low concentrations. It is non-toxic and is used in a wide range of consumer products.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for denatonium benzoate typically measure its activation of bitter taste receptors. Cells expressing TAS2Rs are treated with the compound, and intracellular calcium levels are measured using fluorescent indicators. The compound's potency and efficacy in activating these receptors are determined.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for denatonium benzoate involve treating cells expressing bitter taste receptors with the compound and measuring calcium mobilization. The compound's effects on other cellular processes, such as Menin-MLL interaction and Lamin A splicing, can also be assessed in appropriate cell models.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for denatonium benzoate are limited, as the compound is primarily used as an aversive agent. Its safety and efficacy in preventing ingestion have been evaluated in various animal models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Denatonium benzoate is a quaternary ammonium salt with a molecular weight of 446.5 g/mol. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
LC50 (Rat) = 200 mg/m³ Denatonium benzoate is considered non-toxic and is safe for use in consumer products. It is not a skin irritant and does not cause sensitization. However, as with any chemical, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound. |
| Additional Infomation |
Denatonium benzoate is the bitterest compound known and is used as an aversive agent to prevent accidental ingestion. It activates bitter taste receptors and has been shown to inhibit the Menin-MLL interaction. It is a valuable research tool for studying bitter taste receptor signaling and other cellular processes. It is not approved for therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C28H34N2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
446.5812
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| Exact Mass |
446.256
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| CAS # |
3734-33-6
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| Related CAS # |
47324-98-1 (free);1674-99-3 (chloride);3734-33-6 (benzoate);
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| PubChem CID |
19518
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Melting Point |
164-168 °C(lit.)
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| LogP |
4.421
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
473
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(C([H])([H])[N+](C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])N([H])C1C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1C([H])([H])[H].[O-]C(C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H28N2O.C7H6O2/c1-5-23(6-2,15-19-13-8-7-9-14-19)16-20(24)22-21-17(3)11-10-12-18(21)4;8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h7-14H,5-6,15-16H2,1-4H3;1-5H,(H,8,9)
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| Chemical Name |
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~20 mg/mL (~44.78 mM)
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (~44.78 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.48 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 33.33 mg/mL (74.63 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2392 mL | 11.1962 mL | 22.3924 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4478 mL | 2.2392 mL | 4.4785 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2239 mL | 1.1196 mL | 2.2392 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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