| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
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| Targets |
Dactylorhin A targets the production of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages, likely by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression or activity. It suppresses NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, indicating an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Additionally, it has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, suggesting a possible membrane-disrupting or enzyme-inhibiting effect.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Dactylorhin A moderately inhibits NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value reported in the micromolar range (e.g., ~20 µM). It also shows moderate antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. aureus and B. subtilis typically in the range of 50-100 µg/mL. The compound is not cytotoxic to mammalian cells at active concentrations, as assessed by MTT assays.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo animal data is publicly available for Dactylorhin A. Its effects have been primarily characterized in vitro. The compound is a natural product and its bioavailability and systemic activity have not been studied. Any potential in vivo anti-inflammatory or antibacterial effects remain speculative.
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| Enzyme Assay |
As a natural product with anti-inflammatory activity, Dactylorhin A is not typically evaluated in cell-free enzyme binding assays. Its mechanism is assessed in cell-based systems measuring NO production. No specific cell-free assay protocols are published. However, if needed, one could measure direct iNOS enzyme inhibition using purified iNOS and a fluorometric assay, but this has not been reported for this compound.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro assays for Dactylorhin A involve culturing RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in 96-well plates. Cells are pretreated with various concentrations of the compound for 1 hour, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) for 24 hours. The culture supernatant is collected, and nitrite (a stable NO metabolite) is measured using Griess reagent. Antibacterial activity is assessed by broth microdilution in Mueller-Hinton broth against overnight cultures of Gram-positive bacteria.
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| Animal Protocol |
No in vivo animal protocols are available for Dactylorhin A. Since it is a natural product with limited systemic characterization, no standard animal models have been reported. If future studies were conducted, typical anti-inflammatory models (e.g., carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats) or infection models (e.g., mouse peritonitis) could be employed, but these are not documented.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No pharmacokinetic data is publicly available for Dactylorhin A. Being a natural glycosidic ester, it is likely poorly absorbed orally, with potential hydrolysis in the gut. Its plasma half-life, protein binding, and metabolism are unknown. For research use, it is typically applied in vitro or as a phytochemical standard.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data is publicly available for Dactylorhin A. In cell-based assays, it did not show cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 100 µM, but systemic toxicity has not been evaluated. As a natural product, it may have a favorable safety profile, but no formal toxicological studies exist. It is for research use only and not for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, Dactylorhin A has been found in Gymnadenia conopsea, Bletilla striata, and Dactylorhiza hatagirea, and relevant data are available for reference.
Dactylorhin A is a natural product, a succinic acid analogue ester, with molecular formula C40H56O22 and molecular weight 888.86. It is isolated from orchids and used as a reference compound for phytochemical analysis. It is categorized as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in research. The compound is available from chemical suppliers for laboratory use only. No clinical development has been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C40H56O22
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
888.859455108643
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| Exact Mass |
888.326
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| CAS # |
256459-34-4
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| PubChem CID |
10819499
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-2.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
12
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
22
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
20
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| Heavy Atom Count |
62
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| Complexity |
1380
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
16
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| SMILES |
O([C@@](C(=O)OCC1C=CC(=CC=1)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)(CC(=O)OCC1C=CC(=CC=1)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)CC(C)C)[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
QUCKZYFUROTIBC-HDQVGPIMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C40H56O22/c1-18(2)11-40(62-38-35(53)32(50)29(47)25(15-43)61-38,39(54)56-17-20-5-9-22(10-6-20)58-37-34(52)31(49)28(46)24(14-42)60-37)12-26(44)55-16-19-3-7-21(8-4-19)57-36-33(51)30(48)27(45)23(13-41)59-36/h3-10,18,23-25,27-38,41-43,45-53H,11-17H2,1-2H3/t23-,24-,25-,27-,28-,29-,30+,31+,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38+,40-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
bis[[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl] (2R)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutanedioate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~112.50 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1250 mL | 5.6252 mL | 11.2504 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2250 mL | 1.1250 mL | 2.2501 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1125 mL | 0.5625 mL | 1.1250 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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