| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Raffinose does not have a specific pharmacological target. As a prebiotic, it targets the gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. It is hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, raffinose acts as a prebiotic, stimulating the growth of lactic acid bacteria and suppressing pathogenic bacteria. It increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). It has been shown to interfere with biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. It is non-digestible by humans but can be metabolized by colon bacteria.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, raffinose is considered a prebiotic candidate that promotes gut health. It increases the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, reduces constipation, and inhibits the formation of putrefactive compounds. It has potential prebiotic properties for human health. It is also used in moisturizers and skin care products to prevent skin aging.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro fermentation assays are performed using fecal microbiota as inoculum. Raffinose is added to the culture medium, and the growth of specific bacterial groups (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) is monitored by qPCR or plate counting. SCFA production is measured by gas chromatography. β-galactosidase activity can be measured using a chromogenic substrate.
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| Cell Assay |
Intestinal epithelial cell lines (e.g., Caco-2) can be used to study the effects of raffinose on gut barrier function. Cells are cultured in Transwell inserts and treated with raffinose. Tight junction protein expression is assessed by Western blot or immunofluorescence. Bacterial co-culture models are used to study prebiotic effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies involve dietary supplementation with raffinose in rodent models. Animals are fed a diet containing raffinose, and gut microbiota composition is analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal SCFA levels are measured. Body weight, inflammatory markers, and intestinal barrier function are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Raffinose (MW 594.51) is a hydrophilic sugar that is poorly absorbed in the small intestine. It reaches the colon intact where it is fermented by gut microbiota. It has a melting point of 78-80°C. It is not systemically absorbed to a significant extent, so traditional PK parameters are not applicable.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Raffinose is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food ingredient. No significant toxicity has been reported. It is well-tolerated at typical dietary levels. High doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort due to gas production from fermentation.
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| Additional Infomation |
Raffinose pentahydrate is an oligosaccharide.
Raffinose is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries as a prebiotic, moisturizer, and additive in low-cariogenic foods and drinks. It stimulates the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. It is not an approved drug and is not in clinical trials. It is also known as D-Raffinose pentahydrate. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H42O21
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
594.5135
|
| Exact Mass |
594.221
|
| CAS # |
17629-30-0
|
| PubChem CID |
2724100
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
884.8ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
78-80 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
16
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
21
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
39
|
| Complexity |
655
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
14
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)O[C@]3([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.O.O.O.O.O
|
| InChi Key |
BITMAWRCWSHCRW-PFQJHCPISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H32O16.5H2O/c19-1-5-8(22)11(25)13(27)16(31-5)30-3-7-9(23)12(26)14(28)17(32-7)34-18(4-21)15(29)10(24)6(2-20)33-18;;;;;/h5-17,19-29H,1-4H2;5*1H2/t5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15+,16+,17-,18+;;;;;/m1...../s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;pentahydrate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~168.21 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6821 mL | 8.4103 mL | 16.8206 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3364 mL | 1.6821 mL | 3.3641 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1682 mL | 0.8410 mL | 1.6821 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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