| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing, and antioxidant activity. It does not have a specific biological target. In solution, it hydrolyzes to gluconic acid, which is a mild acidulant. Its primary functions are as a food additive and a chemical reagent.
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| ln Vitro |
The lactone (cyclic ester) of D-gluconic acid is called D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. Common sources of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone include wine, fruit juices, honey, and personal lubricants. Though it is only approximately one-third as acidic as citric acid, D-(+)-glucono-1,5-lactone is neutral but hydrolyzes in water to the acidic gluconic acid, which gives food a rich flavor. One gram of D-(+)-glucono-1,5-lactone yields about the same metabolic energy as one gram of sugar after being converted to glucose. GDL hydrolyzes to gluconic acid when added to water, creating a chemical equilibrium between the lactone and acid forms. The rate of hydrolysis of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is accelerated by heating and high pH [1].
In vitro, D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is characterized by its metal chelating and antioxidant activities. It is used in biochemical research as a reagent. Its ability to chelate metal ions makes it useful in studies where metal ions are a factor. Its antioxidant activity can be measured using standard assays such as DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a natural metabolite. It is commonly found in honey, fruit juices, and wine. It is also used as a food additive, where it acts as an acidifier and preservative. It is not used as a therapeutic agent. Its primary applications are in the food and beverage industry.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is not a biological assay but a physicochemical one. Its purity is determined by neutralization back titration. Its specific rotation is measured using a polarimeter. Its ability to chelate metal ions can be measured using a metal ion indicator or by spectrophotometry.
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| Cell Assay |
D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is not typically used in cell culture studies. However, its hydrolysis product, gluconic acid, can be used as a carbon source in some microbial cultures. Its effects on cell viability or metabolism are not a primary area of research.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone are not common, as it is a food additive. However, its safety and metabolism can be studied in animal models. When ingested, it is hydrolyzed to gluconic acid, which is then metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway or excreted in urine.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a white to almost white powder or crystal. It has a molecular formula of C6H10O6 and a molecular weight of 178.14 g/mol. It is soluble in water, with a specific rotation of +60.0 to +67.0 deg (C=10, H2O). It is typically stored at room temperature in a dry place.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Rabbit LD50: 7630 mg/kg /Sodium gluconate/ Toxicological data for D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone indicate that it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a food additive. It is non-toxic and well-tolerated. It is not intended for human therapeutic use. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-Gluconolactone-1,5-lactone is an aldose-1,5-lactone derived from D-gluconic acid. It is an animal and mouse metabolite. It is a gluconolactone and an aldose-1,5-lactone. Its function is related to D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone is a naturally occurring food additive used as a chelating agent, acidifier, pickling agent, baking agent, or leavening agent. It is a cyclic ester of D-gluconic acid. Pure gluconolactone is a white, odorless crystalline powder. Gluconolactone is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Gluconolactone is a stone dissolving agent. The mechanism of action of gluconolactone is as an irrigation agent. Gluconolactone has been reported to exist in Tetranychus biloba, Lotus thunbergii, and other organisms with relevant data. Gluconolactone is a naturally occurring polyhydroxy acid (PHA) with metal chelating, moisturizing, and antioxidant activities. Gluconolactone can be produced through the enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose. Its ability to scavenge free radicals is the source of its antioxidant properties. It is used in cosmetics and as a coagulant in tofu processing. (NCI05)
Therapeutic Use Medication (Veterinary): ...Urine mixtures help dissolve urinary tract stones containing calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, and magnesium ammonium phosphate, but generally do not contain uric acid, urate, cystine, or certain oxalates. Medication (Veterinary): A 0.5% solution can be used to flush the urethra and bladder when necessary. Solutions with concentrations similar to flushing solutions help keep indwelling catheters free of calcification. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a widely used food additive with no clinical approval. It is used as a protein coagulant in tofu production, an acidifier in baking, a pickling agent, and a preservative. It is also used in personal lubricants and as a chemical reagent. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H10O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
178.1400
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| Exact Mass |
178.047
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| CAS # |
90-80-2
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| Related CAS # |
D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone-1-13C
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| PubChem CID |
7027
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.6
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| Boiling Point |
230.35°C
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| Melting Point |
151-155 ºC
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| Flash Point |
192.3±20.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.608
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| LogP |
-2.38
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
181
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~561.36 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~561.36 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.03 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.03 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 150 mg/mL (842.03 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6136 mL | 28.0678 mL | 56.1356 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1227 mL | 5.6136 mL | 11.2271 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5614 mL | 2.8068 mL | 5.6136 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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