| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| Targets |
d-Atabrine dihydrochloride targets DNA, acting as a DNA intercalator that interferes with nucleic acid synthesis. As the active enantiomer of quinacrine, it also has antiprion activity. The compound's mechanism of action involves intercalation into DNA, inhibition of DNA replication and transcription, and potential interactions with other cellular targets. Its activity is stereoselective, with the d-enantiomer being more potent than the l-enantiomer.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, d-Atabrine dihydrochloride is the active enantiomer of quinacrine and displays antimicrobial and antiprion activity. Its activity as a DNA intercalator has been characterized in biochemical assays. The compound's higher potency compared to the l-enantiomer reflects the stereoselectivity of its interactions with biological targets. Its antiprion activity has been demonstrated in cell-based assays measuring prion protein levels.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of d-Atabrine dihydrochloride is characteristic of quinacrine. As the active enantiomer, it has been used as an antimalarial agent and explored for autoimmune disorders and giardiasis. Its in vivo effects include antimicrobial and antiprion activities. However, detailed in vivo data specific to the d-enantiomer are limited in the available literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro DNA binding assay for d-Atabrine dihydrochloride involves measuring its intercalation into DNA. The compound is incubated with calf thymus DNA or plasmid DNA at varying concentrations (typically 0.1-100 uM) in buffer at room temperature. DNA intercalation is assessed by measuring changes in DNA melting temperature, by fluorescence spectroscopy, or by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The compound's ability to inhibit DNA polymerase or nucleic acid synthesis can also be measured using radioactive nucleotide incorporation assays. For antiprion activity, prion-infected cell cultures are treated with the compound and prion protein levels are measured by Western blotting.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for d-Atabrine dihydrochloride are conducted using malaria parasite cultures, cancer cell lines, or prion-infected cells. For antimalarial studies, Plasmodium falciparum cultures are treated with varying concentrations of d-Atabrine (typically 0.01-100 uM) for 48-72 hours, and parasite growth is assessed by microscopy or by measuring lactate dehydrogenase activity. For antiprion studies, prion-infected cell lines are treated with the compound and prion protein levels are measured by Western blotting. Cell viability is monitored using MTT or similar assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for d-Atabrine dihydrochloride are not extensively documented. As the active enantiomer of quinacrine, typical studies would involve administration to rodents in models of malaria, prion disease, or autoimmune disorders. The compound would be administered by oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Parasite load, prion protein levels, or disease progression would be measured. However, detailed protocols specific to the d-enantiomer are not available in the published literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of d-Atabrine dihydrochloride are characteristic of quinacrine. The compound has a molecular weight of 436.42 and a molecular formula of C23H31Cl2N3O. As a small, lipophilic acridine derivative, it is expected to have good oral bioavailability and extensive tissue distribution. The compound is the active enantiomer and may have different pharmacokinetic properties compared to the l-enantiomer. Detailed ADME parameters are not extensively documented.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of d-Atabrine dihydrochloride is characteristic of acridine derivatives. As a DNA intercalator, the compound may have genotoxic potential. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic use. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound in a laboratory setting. No specific LD50 values have been reported.
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| Additional Infomation |
d-Atabrine dihydrochloride (CAS 56100-41-5) is the active enantiomer of quinacrine. It displays antimicrobial and antiprion activities and has been explored for autoimmune disorders such as lupus and as an anti-protozoal for giardiasis. It is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C23H32CL3N3O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
472.87868309021
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| Exact Mass |
471.161
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| CAS # |
56100-41-5
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| Related CAS # |
Quinacrine dihydrochloride;69-05-6;l-Atabrine dihydrochloride;56100-42-6;Quinacrine;83-89-6;Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate;6151-30-0
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| PubChem CID |
76971372
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
461
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CCN(CC)CCC[C@H](C)NC1=C2C=C(C=CC2=NC3=C1C=CC(=C3)Cl)OC.Cl.Cl
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| InChi Key |
UDKVBVICMUEIKS-SQKCAUCHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H30ClN3O.2ClH/c1-5-27(6-2)13-7-8-16(3)25-23-19-11-9-17(24)14-22(19)26-21-12-10-18(28-4)15-20(21)23;;/h9-12,14-16H,5-8,13H2,1-4H3,(H,25,26);2*1H/t16-;;/m0../s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-4-N-(6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)-1-N,1-N-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine;dihydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~16.67 mg/mL (~35.25 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (3.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (3.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (3.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1147 mL | 10.5735 mL | 21.1470 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4229 mL | 2.1147 mL | 4.2294 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2115 mL | 1.0574 mL | 2.1147 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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