| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vivo |
- In monoxenic culture (liquid S medium containing E. coli OP50 as food), D-arabinose at 42 mM caused strong growth inhibition of C. elegans first-stage larvae (L1) after 3 days of incubation. The relative body size was 7.8% (0.446×10⁴ ± 1430 μm²) compared to untreated controls (5.73×10⁴ ± 2980 μm²). The treated animals remained nearly the same size as L1 larvae, and motility decreased, but no deaths were observed. The IC50 value for D-arabinose was estimated as 7.5 mM from the dose‑response curve (concentrations 2.6–20.8 mM). In comparison, the positive control 2-deoxy-D-glucose showed an IC50 of 19.5 mM. D‑arabitol (42 mM) had no significant effect, ruling out osmotic effects. [1]
- In axenic culture (chemically defined CeMM medium containing 90 mM D-glucose instead of the original 180 mM to avoid osmotic toxicity), D-arabinose at 16 mM inhibited growth after 7 days. The relative body size was 15.2% (0.521×10⁴ ± 2130 μm²) compared to untreated controls (3.43×10⁴ ± 1.01×10⁴ μm²). This confirmed that the inhibitory effect is direct and not due to metabolites produced by E. coli from D-arabinose. [1] - Rescue experiments: Simultaneous treatment with 10 mM D-arabinose and increasing concentrations of D-ribose dose‑dependently abolished the growth inhibition. D-fructose also canceled the inhibitory effect similarly to D-ribose. In contrast, D-glucose (up to 125 mM) did not recover nematode growth. [1] |
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| Animal Protocol |
- C. elegans strain N2 (wild‑type) was maintained at 20°C on nematode growth medium (NGM) seeded with E. coli OP50. Eggs were collected from egg‑bearing adults by alkaline hypochlorite treatment and shaken in S basal medium at 20°C for 24 h to obtain first‑stage larvae (L1). [1]
- Monoxenic growth inhibition assay: About 20 L1 larvae were transferred into each well of a 24‑well plate containing 200 µL of S liquid medium with E. coli OP50 (2.8 mg wet weight/mL, approx. 1.7×10⁹ cells/mL) and the test sugar(s). Control wells received no sugar. After incubation at 20°C for 3 days, worms were anesthetized with 25 mM sodium azide. Individual images of 10 randomly selected worms per group were taken using a digital CCD camera attached to a microscope. The projected area of each worm was calculated using ImageJ software. Each experiment was repeated twice. Statistical analysis was performed by one‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey‑Kramer multiple comparisons test. IC50 values were estimated by nonlinear regression using GraphPad Prism. [1] - Axenic growth inhibition assay: The same procedure as monoxenic assay was used except that CeMM (chemically defined C. elegans maintenance medium) was used instead of S medium with E. coli, and the incubation period was 7 days. The original CeMM contains 180 mM D-glucose, but the concentration was reduced to 90 mM to avoid osmotic toxicity when test sugars were added. [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Aldehyde-D-arabinose is an aldehyde-arabinose, and also a D-arabinose. It is the enantiomer of aldehyde-L-arabinose. (2S,3R,4R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanal has been reported in Ascochyta medicaginicola, Codonopsis pilosula, and other organisms with relevant data. D-arabinose is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: D-arabinopyranose (note moved here).
- D-arabinose is the C2 epimer of D-ribose. It is a rare sugar that scarcely occurs in free form in nature, although D-arabinose‑containing glycosides are found in the plant genus Aloe and as minor components of bacterial glycans. D‑arabinose is used as a sugar unit in nucleoside analogs such as the antiviral drug vidarabine (ara‑A) and the anticancer drug cytarabine (ara‑C), where it substitutes for D‑ribose in natural ribonucleosides. Those drugs act as antimetabolites in nucleic acid biosynthesis. However, no biological activity of free D-arabinose had been previously reported. [1] - Structural similarities: D-arabinose and D-ribose differ in configuration only at C2; the furanose form of D-arabinose is identical to that of D-fructose except for substituted groups at the anomeric carbon (C1 for D-arabinose, C2 for D-fructose). These structural resemblances may explain why D-arabinose acts as an antimetabolite interfering with D-ribose and D-fructose metabolism. [1] - The study suggests that the growth inhibition induced by D-arabinose could be mediated by multiple mechanisms, for example disturbance of D-ribose and D-fructose metabolism. The detailed mechanism is currently unclear and under investigation. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H10O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
150.1299
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| Exact Mass |
150.052
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| CAS # |
10323-20-3
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| Related CAS # |
L-(+)-Lyxose;1949-78-6;D-Arabinose-13C;D-Arabinose-13C-1;139657-60-6;D-arabinose-13C-2;D-Arabinose-13C-3;101615-87-6;D-Arabinose-d2;2419933-20-1;D-Arabinose-d5;D-Arabinose-d6
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| PubChem CID |
66308
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
333.2±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
152-160ºC
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| Flash Point |
155.3±27.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.646
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| LogP |
-0.83
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
104
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C=O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h1,3-5,7-10H,2H2/t3-,4-,5+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~666.09 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.6609 mL | 33.3045 mL | 66.6089 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3322 mL | 6.6609 mL | 13.3218 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6661 mL | 3.3304 mL | 6.6609 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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